nowadays environmental risk assessment is under consideration alike a useful tool in studies for environmental risk management of projects with high level of potential of destruction and hazards. projects of gas transportation pipelines, unlike technical and economical justification in the field of energy supplying for societies, by having danger on environment, need to the continuous studies o...

There are presently wide disagreements among experts concerning the future availability and price of petroleum and natural gas both domestically and worldwide. If these resources are to be available to future generations at affordable prices, then the technological challenge is to use these resources in ways that offer the greatest economic benefit and the minimum environmental damage. Petroleu...

• The transportation and consumption of oil and natural gas in the continental United States may be directly affected by new regulations and legislation, including (1) the Clean Power Plan proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), (2) railcar rules proposed by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), and (3) proposed laws related to the controversial Keystone XL Pipeline e...

The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) collects and analyzes data from across the country on public transportation fuel use, vehicles deployed, rides taken, and other key metrics. These data, taken from the National Transit Database and combined with information from the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, provides valuable insight into the impacts of autom...

Background Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) is pipeline quality gas that is fully interchangeable with fossil natural gas but is produced from a renewable feedstock and can be used as a 100% substitute for, or blended with, conventional natural gas streams [1]. RNG is an important alternative fuel that can help the State of California meet several GHG and renewable energy targets. As a transportatio...

With the surge of the global energy demand, natural gas plays an increasingly important role in the global energy market. To meet the demand, optimization techniques have been widely used in the natural gas industry, and yielded a lot of promising results. In this chapter, we give a detailed discussion of optimization models in the natural gas industry with the focus on the natural gas producti...

Received: June 10, 2016 Revised: January 03, 2017 Accepted: January 16, 2017 Abstract: Background: The western Sichuan gas field belongs to the low-permeability, tight gas reservoirs, which are characterized by rapid decline in initial production of single-well production, short periods of stable production, and long periods of late-stage, low-pressure, low-yield production. Objective: It is ne...

During 2003-2010, the U.S. oil and gas extraction industry (onshore and offshore, combined) had a collective fatality rate seven times higher than for all U.S. workers (27.1 versus 3.8 deaths per 100,000 workers). The 11 lives lost in the 2010 Deepwater Horizon explosion provide a reminder of the hazards involved in offshore drilling. To identify risk factors to offshore oil and gas extraction ...

In 1996, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) established criteria it uses when evaluating proposals for marketbased rates by natural gas pipelines. Since that time, a number of significant developments have occurred, both in markets for natural gas transportation and in economic tools for marketpower assessment. This article will review the current approach for measuring interstate ...

In this paper, a new semantic and graphic model is introduced to analyze the present status of the natural gas industries and markets in Japan and USA. The proposed method is based on the simulation of the physical flows and transaction flows of natural gas (NG) by using MFM(Multilevel Flow Model) and GIS(Geographic Information System), and it is used for the inter-comparison of supply, transpo...