filling stations inside the urban environment are known as one of the existing and potential dangers in cities which according to their centralized fire load can be of high safety importance. tehran holds 101 active filling stations faced to extreme accidents and high explosion potentials. in this study, 59 out of 101 gas stations were investigated under the fire risk assessment implementation....

reduction of exhaust emissions is a major research task in diesel engine development in view of increasing concerns regarding environmental protection and stringent exhaust gas regulations. simultaneousreduction of nox emissions and particulate matter is quite difficult due to the soot/nox trade-off and isoften accompanied by fuel consumption penalties. towards this aim, automotive engineers ha...

Iran is a country with high seismicity while Tehran, the capital city is home to more than 10 million people which are located on the highest seismic zone of the country. There exist 153 gas stations throughout the metropolitan which are constructed to old building codes with little or no attention to the seismic considerations. In this study which was supported by the National Oil Company, fir...

Gas compression in a positive displacement (PD) type piston engine, or piston compressor, has long been modeled as a quasi-static process in which the piston is assumed to move infinitely slow inside a cylinder. The gas compression mechanism is therefore regarded as being governed by the basic thermodynamic principles. Energy transfer is accomplished quasi-statically with a piston reducing the ...

In this paper, we consider the optimal design of a straight pipeline system. Suppose a gas pipeline is to be designed to transport a specified flowrate from the entry point to the gas demand point. Physical and contractual requirements at supply and delivery nodes are known as well as the costs to buy and lay a pipeline or build a compressor station. In order to minimize the overall cost of cre...

Vacuum disc phenomenon is a collection of gas in the intervertebral disc space but rarely causes nerve compression. However, some rare type of vacuum phenomenon in the spinal canal may bring about posterior gas displacement within the epidural space. The authors describe two patients with symptomatic epidural gas-containing cyst that seem to be originating from vacuum phenomenon in the interver...

Battery switching stations (BSS) provide a service that enables extending the traveling range of electric vehicles. Such stations may be the future equivalent of gas stations and they are currently being deployed in several countries. A BSS is a closed loop system that renews its inventory by recharging the batteries. We study the problem of scheduling the charging process in a BSS with the obj...