A long-standing research focus in phytology has been to understand how plants allocate leaf epidermal space to stomata in order to achieve an economic balance between the plant's carbon needs and water use. Here, we present a quantitative theoretical framework to predict allometric relationships between morphological stomatal traits in relation to leaf gas exchange and the required allocation o...

Globalization, which exports production and jobs from rich countries to poor countries, also exports from rich countries to poor countries the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions created from the production of the goods consumed by rich countries. But whose responsibility are the GHG emissions? Are they exclusively the responsibility of the producing countries, or exclusively the responsibility of t...

Proper allocation and distribution of lift gas is necessary for maximizing total oil production from a eld with gas lifted oil wells. When the supply of the lift gas is limited, the total available gas should be optimally distributed among the oil wells of the eld such that the total production of oil from the eld is maximized. This paper describes a non-linear optimization problem with constra...

 Production data analysis techniques have been widely used for estimating reservoir properties such as gas in place and average pressure. Knowledge of this information is crucial for proper reservoir management. The present study discusses the roadmap, challenges and uncertainties for analyzing production data in an Iranian gas-condensate offshore field. This work is an integrated study in...

The parallel machines scheduling problem (PMSP) comprises the allocation of jobs on the resources of the systems, i.e., a group of machines in parallel. The basic model consists of m identical machines and n jobs. The jobs are assigned according to resource availability following some allocation rule. In this work, we apply the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) metaheuristic which includes four dif...

Unlike other problems found in the oil industry, the allocation of compressors to gas-lifted oil wells lacks formal models and algorithms capable of delivering globally optimal assignments. To this end, this paper casts the compressor allocation problem as a facility location problem. Owing to the special structure of the target problem, an efficient (polynomial time) algorithm is conceived by ...

─ Genetic algorithms are an effective tool to improve the allocation problem. In distributed computing systems task scheduling and reliability performance are the two major problems which are all related to allocation. Improving these two problems by minimizing the turnaround time and maximizing the reliability rate become the objective of DCS model. Also comparing the effects between them is t...

This paper presents a multi-objective optimization model for the design of a waste management system consisting of customers, transfer stations, landfills and collection vehicles. The developed model aims to simultaneously minimize the total costs, greenhouse gas emissions and the rates of energy consumption. To tackle the multiple objectives in the problem, we utilize an interactive fuzzy prog...

This paper addresses supplier selection and order allocation problem while considering the losses arising from the risk of sanction in Iran’s Oil & Gas Drilling Industry. In the proposed study, two general classes of items and two different classes of suppliers are considered. AHP is first used to rank the potential suppliers. Then, a multi-objective linear programming model is proposed t...

Willows (Salix spp.) grown as short rotation coppice (SRC) are viewed as a sustainable source of biomass with a positive greenhouse gas (GHG) balance due to their potential to fix and accumulate carbon (C) below ground. However, exploiting this potential has been limited by the paucity of data available on below ground biomass allocation and the extent to which it varies between genotypes. Furt...