A study of the computational complexity of determining the "Garden-of-Eden" states (i.e., states without any pre-images) of one-dimensional cellular automata (CA) is reported. The work aims to relate phase transitions in the computational complexity of decision problems, with the type of dynamical behavior exhibited by the CA time evolution. This is motivated by the observation of critical beha...

Transition-based dependency parsers usually use transition systems that monotonically extend partial parse states until they identify a complete parse tree. Honnibal et al. (2013) showed that greedy onebest parsing accuracy can be improved by adding additional non-monotonic transitions that permit the parser to “repair” earlier parsing mistakes by “over-writing” earlier parsing decisions. This ...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Differences in rarity among species can be caused by adaptation to local conditions along with correlated evolution in characters that limit geographic range size. For this kind of divergence, the resulting species differ in their ability to thrive in varying environments. Because rare species are more prone to extinction than widespread species, trade-offs in life history ...

Identifying the factors that affect domestic water demand and consumption is very important in management of available regional water resources. In this study, relationships between water consumption and rural household activities are determined by comparing a snapshot of water consumption with rural household behavior of low, medium and high water consumers. In addition, the factors affecting ...

a’ view of nature within the framework of garden and in relation with human needs and drives that satisfy theneed to be rooted has caused the representation of nature in garden to be regarded as cultural heritage. garden and garden designing are suitable cases for us to study cultural characteristics and traits. thus, human beings have searched their eternal interest in an ideal and unattainabl...

This paper presents the bryophyte diversity of Tamás Pócs’s house garden in Felsőtárkány village (NE Hungary). Altogether 49 taxa (2 liverworts and 47 mosses) were recorded from noted bryologist’s private garden. More than half species (57%) belong to three families: Orthotrichaceae, Pottiaceae Brachytheciaceae. Compared with nearby surveyed parks botanical gardens, has outstanding richness rel...

A garden-path sentence has temporary ambiguity that a reader or listener need to resolve. Prosody is well-known to have effects on sentence comprehension so it is expected that it will affect the interpretation of garden-path sentences. However, in an auditory comprehension test with natural speech, the garden-path effect may be unclear because a listener can typically resolve the ambiguity and...

This article deals with the history, names and uses of the garden cress in Indian Medicine.

This article summarizes a 2000 study of school garden programs and their variation and the impact of such variation on 427 third-grade students’ sense of responsibility and attitudes toward science and the environment. A teacher questionnaire was developed to gain insight into how teachers use school gardens with their students and in their curriculum. The information gathered from 28 third-gra...