The possibility of using self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) to achieve a peak x-ray brightness nearly 11 orders of magnitude greater than available at today's third-generation light sources has in recent years generated tremendous excitement in the synchrotron light source community. With continued refinement in electron beam sources, electron beam control and metrology, and undulator m...

a series of two experiments was conducted to study the optimum dietary protein level and protein to energy ratio of lemon fin barb hybrid larvae. in experiment 1, five isocaloric diets (4700 kcal per kg) ranging from 40 to 60% protein in 5% increments were fed to triplicate groups of lemon fin barb hybrid larvae (initial weight: 0.10 ± 0.01 mg per fish) for 21 days. weight gain of fish was prop...

sio2-coated cobalt ferrite (cofe2o4) nanoparticles were obtained by the hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate in the presence of cofe2o4 nanoparticles in co-precipitation. the effects of sio2coating on the magnetic properties of cofe2o4 nanoparticles were investigated. the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of as-prepared sample were characterization by x-ray diffraction (xrd), f...

A major goal in ultrashort wavelength laser research is the development of practical laser sources that can impact applications. Of particular interest is the demonstration of compact “table-top” amplifiers capable of generating soft x-ray pulses of substantial energy. Such development motivates the demonstration of gain media generated by compact devices that can be successfully scaled in leng...

The gain characteristics of a discharge-pumped ArF excimer amplifier are measured with ~700-fs-long pulses. The small-signal gain and saturation energy are found to be 0.17 cm(-1) and 3.65 +/- 0.15 mJ/cm(2), respectively. The maximum output energy density extracted from the deeply saturated amplifier is as much as 10 mJ/cm(2). The demonstrated femtosecond gain characteristics of ArF indicate th...

this study was investigate the effects of two levels of metabolism energy (me) and length of fattening periods on performance and growth characteristics of chalishtori male lambs. 64 ram lambs were weaning and intake diets with two levels of energy include: 2.5 and 2.3 mcal me/kg dm in 90 and 120 days fattening period. in this study used of completely random designs with 2×2 factorial methods (...

Second-order intensity interferometry was employed to study the spatial and temporal properties of European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL). Measurements were performed at soft x-ray Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE3) undulator beamline a photon energy 1.2 keV in (SASE) mode. Two high-power regimes SASE3 settings, i.e., linear quadratic tapering saturation, studied detail compared w...