Methods to automatically derive landforms have typically focused on pixel-based, bottom-up approaches and most commonly on the derivation of topographic eminences. In this paper we describe an object-based, top-down algorithm to identify valley floors. The algorithm is based on a region growing approach, seeded by thalwegs with pixels added to the region according to a threshold gradient value....

the use of temporary runoff and underground dried-up water courses has been implemented by managers in recentyears to compensate for water shortages in arid and semi-arid regions. one way to use this water is to set up anunderground sandy dam in front of such water courses; selecting a suitable water course is the most important issue ofsuch a purpose. in the present research, this matter was i...

This paper analyzes the three-dimensional flow structure and the heat budget in a typical medium-sized and steep Alpine valley, the Riviera Valley in southern Switzerland. Aircraft measurements from the MAP-Riviera field campaign reveal a very pronounced valley-wind system, including a strong curvature-induced secondary circulation in the southern valley entrance region. Accompanying radio soun...

abstract tectonic, plays a key role in the evolution of morphology and can be distinguished with morphotectonic, rivers and structural parameters. an analysis of morphometric parameters illustrates that the development of them is associated with faults activities and rocks resistance. morphotectonic analysis also supplies seismotectonic setting for a region. for appropriate and survey tectonic ...

Knowledge creation is nowadays a major issue for firms that want to be competitive. We are in a new era, where knowledge plays a dynamic role in innovation processes and corporate performance. The nature of the firm is changing: Kogut & Zander (1996) define firms as social communities specialized in knowledge transfer and creation. What makes firms superior to markets is not their capacity for ...

The Dravidians had their own tradition of writing. It would appear that they introduced writing to the Indus Valley. They continued to use this writing on their pottery in South India and later punch-marked coins. This is supported by the discovery of writing in South India dating back to before 600 BC. In a recent paper Srinivasan et al. argue that the Indus Valley writing was a syllabic multi...

The climatology of high wind events in the Owens Valley, California, a deep valley located just east of the southern Sierra Nevada, is described using data from six automated weather stations distributed along the valley axis in combination with the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset. Potential mechanisms for the development of strong winds in the valley are examined. Contrary to the co...

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