Introduction: Virtual bronchoscopy is a reliable and efficient diagnostic method for primary symptoms of lung cancer. The segmentation of airways from CT images is a critical step for numerous virtual bronchoscopy applications. Materials and Methods: To overcome the limitations of the fuzzy connectedness method, the proposed technique, called fuzzy connectivity - fuzzy C-mean (FC-FCM), utilized...

Data mining technology has emerged as a means for identifying patterns and trends from large quantities of data. Data mining is a computational intelligence discipline that contributes tools for data analysis, discovery of new knowledge, and autonomous decision making. Clustering is a primary data description method in data mining which group’s most similar data. The data clustering is an impor...

Fuzzy random variable is a combination of fuzzy variable and random variable, and can characterize both fuzziness and randomness in the real world. The mean chance of a fuzzy random event is an important concept in fuzzy random optimization, just like the probability of a stochastic event in stochastic optimization and the credibility of a fuzzy event in fuzzy optimization. In fuzzy random prog...