Using mid-infrared and radio criteria, we select a sample of candidate z ∼ 2 obscured quasars. Optical spectroscopy confirms about half of these as type-2 quasars, and modelling the population suggests 50-80% of the quasars are obscured. We find some flat radio spectrum type-2 quasars, and tentative evidence for obscuration unrelated to the torus. Using a similar sample, we also find evidence f...

Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (IT2FLC) where the fuzzy parameters, e.g. Fuzzy Membership Functions and Fuzzy Rule Bases are tuned by Genetic Algorithm (GAs) known as Genetic Interval Type-2 Fuzzy System (GIT2FS). The GFS are discussed briefly, later, the proposed design is explained. Key wordsGA, Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller (IT2FLC), Genetic Interval Type2 Fuzzy System (GIT2...

The purpose of the present work is to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the family of interval type-2 fuzzy reflexive/tolerance approximation spaces and the family of interval type-2 fuzzy closure spaces.

In many contexts, type-2 fuzzy sets (T2 FS) are obtained from a type-1 set to which we wish add uncertainty. However, in the current representation, there is no restriction on shape of footprint uncertainty and embedded (ESs) that can be considered acceptable. This leads, usually, loss semantic relationship between T2 FS concept it models. As consequence, interpretability some ESs explainabilit...