The brain receives disparate retinal input owing to the separation of the eyes, yet we usually perceive a single fused world. This is because of complex interactions between sensory and oculomotor processes that quickly act to reduce excessive retinal disparity. This implies a strong link between depth perception and fusion, but it is well established that stereoscopic depth percepts are also o...

Dynamic vergence eye movements in response to step target displacements along the midline were measured by an infrared reflection technique in 11 patients having either intermittent strabismus, constants-strabismus amblyopia, or amblyopia without strabismus. We found the absence of normal disparity (fusional) vergence in all patients having strabismus and in some patients having amblyopia witho...

purpose: to report the results of orthoptic training in two middle-aged patients according to current theories. case report: a 56-year-old female with decompensated exophoria and myopia and a 68-year-old male with decompensated esophoria and moderate hyperopia underwent vision therapy according to standard procedures for improving fusional vergences and ocular accommodation. sheard and percival...

PURPOSE The link between nasal-temporal motion asymmetries and anomalous binocular sensory function in infantile esotropia (ET) has led to the idea that visual evoked potential responses to horizontal motion (mVE) is an alternative measure of sensory binocularity to stereopsis. A second hypothesis is that the mVEP response is a marker for bifoveal fusion. The purpose of this study was to direct...

Fixation disparities (FD) were measured as a function of forced vergence using binocular scleral search coils and simultaneously with nonius lines. The slope of the objective FD curve was significantly greater than the subjective FD curve for three of five subjects. This indicates an alteration in retinal correspondence of up to one degree, that shifts Panum's area to avoid the diplopia normall...

PURPOSE : The purpose of this article is to compare vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil pushups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics as treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in adults 19 to 30 years of age. METHODS : In a randomized, multicenter clinical trial, 46 adults 19 to 30 years of age with symptomatic convergence insufficiency were randomly assigned to receive 12 weeks ...

Studies by Scheiman et al. on a clinical paediatric population1 and Lara et al. on a clinic population aged 10–35 years2 reported that the most common vision disorder after ametropia was binocular vision disorders. In comparison with certain ocular diseases also, binocular vision disorders are regularly diagnosed.3 Vergence disorders (binocular vision disorders4 functionally classified descript...