A fundamental difference exists, from the sensory viewpoint, between the cases of constant squint developing before the third year of life and all the other forms of oculomotor imbalance. The first group is the one considered in the literature as that of "strabismus with anomalous correspondence". Must we consider the "anomalous correspondence" of these subjects as a system of corresponding ret...

Fusional vergence dysfunction is a binocular condition that is relatively easy to diagnose and treat but is often overlooked. FVD can negatively impact an individual’s ability to function, particularly when performing near work. A 17-year-old white female presented to our clinic with visual symptoms associated with sustained near work. The findings were characterized by normal phorias, poor but...

PURPOSE To determine the one-year incidence of needle stick and sharp injuries (NSIs and SIs) and their associations with visual function among Iranian nurses. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 278 nurses working at one hospital were selected through stratified random sampling. After applying the exclusion criteria, the final analysis was performed on the data of 267 nurses. The data of ...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To assess the distribution of near point of convergence (NPC), near heterophoria, and near vergence among myopic school children in South Korea. METHODS One hundred and thirty-six elementary school children, aged 8-13 years, were each given a thorough eye examination including binocular vision testing, NPC using standard push-up technique, horizontal heterophoria measuremen...

purpose: there are a few researches regarding the effects of islamic fasting on visual system. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ramadan fasting on the amplitude of accommodation (aa), near point of convergence (npc), positive and negative fusional vergences (pfv and nfv, respectively) in visually healthy fasters. methods: aa, npc, pfv and nfv at far (6m) and near (40cm) w...

Fender and Julesz [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 57, 819 (1967)] moved pairs of retinally stabilized images across the temporalward visual fields and found significant differences between the disparities that elicited fusion and the disparities at which fusion was lost. They recognized this phenomenon as an example of hysteresis. In the work reported in this paper, binocular retinally stabilized images of v...

OBJECTIVE To compare home-based pencil push-ups (HBPP), home-based computer vergence/accommodative therapy and pencil push-ups (HBCVAT+), office-based vergence/accommodative therapy with home reinforcement (OBVAT), and office-based placebo therapy with home reinforcement (OBPT) as treatments for symptomatic convergence insufficiency. METHODS In a randomized clinical trial, 221 children aged 9...