Depending on the desulfurization reaction temperature, it can be divided into fly ash generated at hightemperature furnace zone and at low-temperature flue gas zone. For simulating those two kinds of desulfurization ash, the ordinary fly ash mixed with different weight percentage of CaSO4·2H2O is divided into 2 groups, the first group is followed by calcining at 900°C, another drying at 100°C. ...

Pulse firing offers significant process and productivity benefits, such as improved temperature uniformity and high heat transfer rates to the product load through maximum system turndown and utilizes the system’s burners at their most efficient firing rates. However, overshoot and undershoot is unavoidable. To minimize these effects, the system operates the burner at an enhanced turndown rate....

Single-chamber solid oxide fuel cells (SC-SOFCs) incorporating thin-film Sm0.15Ce0.85O1.925 (SDC) as the electrolyte, thick Ni + SDC as the (supporting) anode and SDC + BSCF (Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ) as the cathode were operated in a mixture of methane, oxygen and helium at furnace temperatures of 500–650 ◦C. Because of the exothermic nature of the oxidation reactions that occur at the anode, ...

The technological process for manufacturing seamless steel tubes in the Sisak Rolling Mill includes the heating of the charge for processing in the hearth-rotating furnace. Description of the furnace and its operation can be found in literature 1 . In the process currently applied for producing the tubes with the outer diameter of 168.3–356.6 mm the temperature is between 1280 and 1300 °C 2 . T...

We demonstrate the deterministic shape-selective synthesis and growth of CdSe nanowires, nanosaws and nanoribbons by a simple vapour-transport process in a tube furnace. The key step, in order to achieve reproducible shape selectivity for a given set of deposition parameters, is to exclude any effects of the temperature ramping. We prove that an efficient precursor-flow shutter is achieved just...

To grow high-purity and large sizes MgO single crystals with twin-electrode DC submerged arc furnace requires that the temperature distribution be well understood and the processing temperature be precisely controlled. For the complexity of the production of MgO single crystals and the difficulty to measure the temperature inside the furnace, the temperature distribution was studied by using fi...

A temperature control method is developed for reheating steel slabs in an industrial furnace. The work was motivated by the need for mathematically simple furnace control schemes that feature accuracy, robustness, applicability to online control, and capabilities of non-steady-state operating scenarios, where the temperature goals and other properties of the slabs may vary considerably. The pro...

In steel industry, without consideration of blast furnaces, reheating furnaces are classified the biggest energy consumers. The research of efficient control algorithms permitting less energy consumption has become an important issue for those furnaces. In this paper, a nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (MPC) is designed for a steel slab walking-beam reheating furnace. A numerical nonlinear...

In this work, the thermal environment inside the furnace of a dynamic mechanical analyser was investigated by putting a standard sample in distinct positions inside the furnace. Penetration experiments were carried out in order to compare the measured melting temperature of the sample with the theoretical melting temperature. The thermal gradients were investigated for three distinct modes: com...

The studies of the control problems for an evolution system with a bounded derivative ( = the derivative with respect to time) of the control were stimulated by solving practical problems. Our problem is to find an optimal control of a thermal process where the control acts by means of boundary conditions. In more details, an iron body to be heated up is placed into a furnace which temperature ...