Foliar diseases like apple scab result in significant economic losses to growers each year. Assessment in past studies involved only macroscopic disease ratings. More complete knowledge of the fate and behavior of fungicide has been needed to reduce pesticide use with less off-target contamination. Field studies were conducted in a production nursery for over 4 years. A moderately susceptible c...

In vitro studies were carried out, using four selective media, to determine the effect of the main groups of soil microorganisms on the degradation of fungicide Thiram in soil. Soil from El Geraif (East Khartoum) that had no history of pesticide exposition was chosen to conduct this experiment. In general, Thiram have a fluctuating effect on the growth of organic nitrogen using bacteria up to 1...

Preparations for protecting plants, particularly those with fungicidal activity, continue to be relevant in agricultural production. They are used effectively combat phytopathogens and ensure high yield of cultivated plants. However, they among the anthropogenic factors which impose a heavy chemical load on ecosystems. Data about effects pesticides physiological parameters plants essential unde...

Three fungicide-sensitive Monilinia fructicola isolates were exposed in weekly transfers of mycelia to a dose gradient of a DMI and a QoI fungicide (azoxystrobin) in solo or mixture treatments and fungicide sensitivity as well as genetic changes were assessed. Isolates showed a faster reduction in sensitivity (higher resistance factors) to azoxystrobin than to SYP-Z048; this process was slower ...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Plants interact with above- and belowground organisms; the combined effects of these interactions determine plant fitness and trait evolution. To better understand the ecological and evolutionary implications of multispecies interactions, we explored linkages between soil fungi, pollinators, and floral larcenists in Polemonium viscosum (Polemoniaceae). METHODS Using a fun...

A series of cinnamic acid esters and their derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antifungal activities in vitro against four plant pathogenic fungi by using the mycelium growth rate method. Structure-activity relationship was derived also. Almost all of the compounds showed some inhibition activity on each of the fungi at 0.5 mM. Eight compounds showed the higher average activity with ...

New diorganotin(IV) complexes of the type Ph2SnL2, Bu2SnL2 and Me2SnL2 of the ligands 2-thioacetic-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (HL1) and benzamidophenylalanine (HL2). Have been synthesized and characterized by physico-chemical techniques such as (elemental analysis, and electrolytic conductance) and spectr...

Quinone outside inhibiting (QoI) fungicides represent one of the most widely used groups of fungicides used to control agriculturally important fungal pathogens. They inhibit the cytochrome bc1 complex of mitochondrial respiration. Soon after their introduction onto the market in 1996, QoI fungicide-resistant isolates were detected in field plant pathogen populations of a large range of species...

Fungicides are important tools for managing diseases in many crops. Unlike insecticides and some herbicides which kill established insects or weeds, fungicides are most commonly applied to protect healthy plants from infection. To be effective, fungicides must be applied before infections become established and in a sufficient spray volume to achieve thorough coverage of the plant or treated ar...