objective: the ideal time to commence orthodontic treatment is very important. in iran, due to the widely distributed population and low number and uneven distribution of orthodontists, general dental practitioners (gdps) play an important role in proper treatment of occlusal and functional disorders and referring orthodontic patients to orthodontists. the purpose of this study was to assess th...

Unexplained hypersensitivity to food is a major health problem affecting about 10% of the population, and is often associated with disabling symptoms, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), musculoskeletal pain (fibromyalgia) and fatigue (chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis; CFS/ME). Recent metabolomic studies suggest a hypometabolic state with excessive oxidative stress, impair...

background : psychological factors have important role in vulnerability and maintenance of functional gastrointestinal disorders (fgid). the aims of present study was the comparison of early maladaptive schemas and cognitive emotion regulation styles in fgid patients and normal group. materials and method : for this purpose from functional gastrointestinal disorders population that referred to ...

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a common problem in children. These disorders in children are classified into the following categories according to the ROME III classification: Functional Dyspepsia, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Abdominal Migraines, Childhood Functional abdominal pain (FAP), Childhood functional abdominal pain syndrome and functional constipation. FGIDs are ...