Four years ago, as the temperature of rhetoric in the food-versus-fuel debate rose with the prices of corn and oil, Farm Foundation asked three economists from Purdue University to take an objective look at the complex forces that were driving food prices. While oil prices are not at 2008 levels this summer, drought and high temperatures are pushing corn and soybean prices to record levels, and...

Variation of fuel properties occurring during extreme fuel pressurisation in Diesel fuel injectors relative to those under atmospheric pressure and room temperature conditions may affect significantly fuel delivery, fuel injection temperature, injector durability and thus engine performance. Indicative results of flow simulations during the full injection event of a Diesel injector are presente...

Manipulating the interface of micro/nanostructured materials and chemical fuels can change the fundamental characteristics of combustion waves that are generated during a reaction. In this study, we report that Mg/MgO nanoparticles actively amplify the propagation of combustion waves at the interface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and chemical fuels. Fuel/MWCNT and fuel/MWCNT-Mg/MgO ...

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) offer electrochemically generated sources of electricity using oxygen ion transport at elevated temperatures. Analysis of materials used in SOFC using electron microscopy provides insights of foreseeable chemical reactions that govern the performance of the fuel cell. Materials used in SOFC can be divided into four categories; anode, cathode, electrolyte and interc...

An aqueous methanol sensor for use in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) applications is demonstrated; the methanol sensor is built using dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with Nafion117 solution to detect the methanol concentration in water. The study is aimed at the potential use of the carbon nanotubes array as a methanol sensor for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The con...

LLE Review, Volume 104 169 Introduction The 60-beam, 30-kJ OMEGA Laser System1 studies the laserdriven direct-drive ignition approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) in which many individual high-power laser beams directly illuminate a spherical target to create a spherically symmetric implosion. Current designs for high-gain ICF targets include a layer of condensed hydrogen fuel that adhe...

–Fast depletion of fossil fuels demands an urgent need to carryout research to find viable alternative fuels such as Hydrogen, LPG and CNG. The gaseous hydrocarbons seem to be best immediate option presently available[1]. The remarkable feature of gaseous fuels are the absence of mineral impurities, the consistency in quality and the convenience and efficient in use. LPG is used widely as a co-...

■ Abstract The structural and chemical parameters determining the formation and mobility of protonic defects in oxides are discussed, and the paramount role of high-molar volume, coordination numbers, and symmetry are emphasized. Symmetry also relates to the structural and chemical matching of the acceptor dopant. Y-doped BaZrO 3-based oxides are demonstrated to combine high stability with high...

SrMo1-xMxO3-δ (M = Fe and Cr, x = 0.1 and 0.2) oxides have been recently described as excellent anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells at intermediate temperatures (IT-SOFC) with LSGM as the electrolyte. In this work, we have improved their properties by doping with aliovalent Mg ions at the B-site of the parent SrMoO₃ perovskite. SrMo1-xMgxO3-δ (x = 0.1, 0.2) oxides have been prepared, cha...

Solid fuels, including biomass, consist of combustible, ash and water. Ash in fuel is result of reaction of minerals presented in the biomass. Minerals and other different substances which form ash got into biomass during growth. Ash is solid residue resulted from the perfect laboratory combustion of fuel. It is composed of minerals that are present in the fuel. Some species of biomass ash have...