Since its initial appearance in 1985, human immunode-ficiency virus (HIV) infection and its late-stage manifestation , the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have affected a growing number of persons across Korea and around the globe 1). Worldwide, by the end of the year 2000, 36.1 million persons are living with AIDS , and an estimated 21.8 million had died since the beginning of the e...

We investigated the effect of reduced gravity on the human walk-run gait transition speed and interpreted the results using an inverted-pendulum mechanical model. We simulated reduced gravity using an apparatus that applied a nearly constant upward force at the center of mass, and the subjects walked and ran on a motorized treadmill. In the inverted pendulum model for walking, gravity provides ...

The behaviour of the wake Strouhal number for flow past a cylinder close to a free surface at both low and moderate Froude numbers is investigated numerically. For the low Froude number case (i.e., gravity-dominated), the results obtained are similar to those for flow past a cylinder close to an adjacent no-slip boundary. As the distance between the wall and the cylinder is reduced, the Strouha...

We present an asymptotic preserving (AP), large time-step scheme for the shallow water equations in the low Froude number limit. Based on a multiscale asymptotic expansion, the momentum fluxes are split into a nonstiff and a stiff part. A semi-implicit discretisation, where the nonstiff terms are treated explicitly and stiff terms implicitly in time, is crucial to achieve the AP property. A com...

1. The influence of hydraulic conditions on the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages was investigated in three riffles in a perennial Australian river. 2. Velocity, depth and variability of substrate roughness were measured at each of 56 macroinvertebrate sampling locations. Complex hydraulic variables (roughness Reynolds number, shear velocity, Froude number) were calculated f...

The human requires attentive effort as assessed in dual-task experiments. Consistently, an attentive task can modify the walking pattern and a attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is accompanied by gait modifications. Here we investigated the relationships between backward walking and attentive performances in ADHD children (n=13) and healthy age-, height and weight matched contr...

In distributed environments entities may be associated with arbifary trust assumptions regarding other entities. A method is presented for analyzing distributed protocols that are designed to reflect such particular trust relations. A new protocol for obtaining public keys in a multidomain environment without necessarily assuming that all trust relations correspond to a global hierarchical stru...