ABSTRACT Moniliophthora roreri, the cause of frosty pod rot (FP), is a specialized fungal pathogen (family Marasmiaceae) that invades only actively growing pods of cacao, Theobroma cacao, and related species of Theobroma and Herrania. FP damages pods and the commercially important seeds that some of these species produce. M. roreri was confined to northwestern South America until the 1950s. Its...

Could the authors provide the rationale of choosing the two different contaminants, blood and the blood stopper agent used in group I and II, respectively? Q2. I believe that the damages done on the resin tags during application of blood with a brush have something to do with the result of the group I associated with the lowest shear bonding stress (SBS) values. Q3. The moisture and temperature...

To test the hypothesis that the divaricate habit protects internal leaves from cold and dry conditions, and raises leaf temperatures on cold sunny days, thermocouples were attached to internal and external leaves on divaricate plants. For Coprosma propinqua plants at Cass, inland Canterbury, there were consistent differences in temperature between leaves, but these were not simply related to th...

The outbreak of frosty (Moniliophthora roreri) and black pod (Phytophthora palmivora) in Central American cacao agroforests throughout the 1980s led to breeding Theobroma clones resistant these diseases. However, while clonal disease resistance has been well-documented, adaptability contrasting pedoclimates remains less understood. Plant functional responses environmental constraints can be ass...

Fungi are ubiquitous in Arctic soils, where they function as symbionts and decomposers and may affect the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems subjected to climate change, and yet little is known about soil fungi at high latitudes. Here we review data from recent molecular studies to determine broad patterns in Arctic soil fungal ecology. The data indicate comparatively high fungal diversit...

The goal of a marriage is to achieve peace and tranquility life, foster love, preserve self-purity, carry out the demands Shari'ah, take care offspring best way develop children's education. However, family’s life often hit by typhoons which require skipper drive efficiently, decently, patiently get his destination safely. mixed among Mualaf also inseparable from this challenge conjecture. This...

Have you ever hiked up a mountain and felt frosty wind blowing across your face? You might need to button jacket visit this place, but here, whitebark pine trees are right at home. Whitebark pines thrive in the highest forests of western North America. In these environments, help other, less-hardy species establish, grow, survive. For pine, chilly mountaintops provide refuge from insects, disea...