A water-soluble tuberculin-active peptidoglycan (TAPG) with a molecular weight of ca. 28,000 to 30,000 was isolated from the culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TAPG was approximately four to five times more potent than tuberculin purified protein derivative S in guinea pigs sensitized with M. tuberculosis or M. bovis (freeze-dried BCG). It showed little or no cross-reactivity at a ...

The success of many vaccines relies on their association with selected adjuvants in order to increase their immunogenicity and ensure long-term protection. Propolis is a natural compound, mostly known for its immunostimulatory properties. In this study the adjuvant effects of propolis in combination with formalin-killed Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluate...

C-ASWS-M, the alkali-soluble, water-soluble cell wall antigen of Coccidioides immitis mycelia, was evaluated for its vaccine potential in mice. Vaccination with 0.5-, 1.5-, or 3-mg doses of C-ASWS-M in complete Freund adjuvant provided a significant level of protection against intraperitoneal challenge with 1,500 arthroconidia (P < 0.0001 with each dose). Vaccination with 1 mg of C-ASWS-M prote...

Methods An inflammatory pain rat model, produced by a complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) injection into the hind paw of each rat, was combined with a conditioned place avoidance (CPA) test. On day one, time spent by the rats in each of two distinct compartments during a 10min period was recorded. On day two, each rat explored one of the conditioning compartments for 30 min. Two hours after the CFA ...

We utilise the duality between M theory and Type IIA string theory to show the existence of Freund-Rubin compactifications of M theory on 7-manifolds with singularities supporting chiral fermions. This leads to a concrete way to study phenomenologically interesting quantum gravity vacua using a holographically dual three dimensional field theory. bacharya, denef, hofman, [email protected]...

In a previous study, diffuse lesions in renal glomeruli of rats prepared with Freund adjuvant were found after the injection of rabbit serum containing antibodies to rat collagen (1). However, neither the antibody nor adjuvant alone induced the injury. It was considered that these renal lesions might result from two antigen-antibody reactions: the fixation of the rabbit anti-rat collagen serum ...

The objective of this study was to find a reliable alternative to Freund's adjuvant in order to reduce the distress imposed on the animals without impairing the fusion efficiency for immune-positive clones. For this purpose several commercially available adjuvants and adjuvant formulations representing different classes of molecules were compared. Humoral responses and animals' distress evaluat...

partially purified antigenic fractions of leishmania major promastigotes were obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds-page) and electro-elution. three isolated protein fractions designated as frac tions (fr.) 1, 2, and 3 correspond to 40-60, 60-80, 80-100 kilodalton (kda) respectively. they were used for immunization of balb/c mice against leishmaniasis. the effects of these fractions on immune...

Crotalaria juncea (Leguminoceae) has been used for its antiarthritic effect in the folklore medicine. The purpose of this study was investigating experimentally the possible antiarthritic and antiulcerogenic properties of Crotalaria juncea leaves in animal model. Ethanolic extract of Crotalaria juncea (CJE) was administered at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg to complete Freund&rsquo;s adjuvant (...

Central neuropathic pain (CNP) is considered as a complicated sensory disturbance which many multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suffer from. Although monophasic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model is a gold standard model in preclinical research of MS, severe movement deficit could confound pain behaviors evaluation over the disease course. In this study, complete Freund&r...