Many hydrobiological studies have dealt with the autecology of species within family Chironomidae and discussed factors affecting distribution. The aim present research is to consider most important chironomid Habitat type (lentic, lotic, krenal, rhithral, etc.), water temperature, conductivity, trophic status are confirmed key controlling their assemblage structure. Here, we introduce term “mo...

Deprivation of protection for aquatic hyphomycetes is disturbing because they are key players in freshwater ecosystems across the globe. To attain a more holistic conservation paradigm biodiversity freshwaters, it necessary to broaden our ecological perception microfungi, mainly hyphomycetes. A considerable groundwork still needs be accomplished progressing towards conserving Overcoming paucity...

Conservation of freshwater ecosystems for aesthetic, ethical, and utilitarian reasons is a top global conservation priority owing to the richness of freshwater biodiversity and the extent of threats against it (Dudgeon et al., 2006). For instance, on a per unit area basis, freshwaters contain the most diversity of fishes; some 10,000 species of freshwater fishes (c. 40% of Department of Zoology...

Portuguese freshwater reservoirs are important socio-economic resources, namely for recreational use. National legislation concerning bathing waters does not include mandatory levels or guidelines for cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. This is an issue of concern since cyanotoxin-based evidence is insufficient to change the law, and the collection of scientific evidence has been hampered by the lac...