INTRODUCTION Although the salmon is probably the best known euryhaline fish, for the first 2 or 3 years of its life it is stenohaline. The salmon becomes euryhaline only in the smolt stage, the process of 'smoltification' taking place in April or May in fish 2 or 3 years old, although a proportion of late parr can tolerate sea water. In recent years a more detailed picture has emerged of salt a...

The ability ofFundulus kansae to live in both fresh water and 200% sea water, even when hypophysectomized, makes it a convenient experimental animal. In a previous paper it has been demonstrated that the permeability of the fish to water is affected both by ovine prolactin and by the concentration of calcium ions present in the medium (Potts & Fleming, 1970). Calcium ions have an effect on the ...

METHODS OF ELECTROFISHING have been developed successfully for use in fresh-water ponds and streams, but this equipment is not effective in sea water because the high conductivity of salt water greatly changes the power requirements (Smolian, 1944). If this obstacle can be overcome, it is reasonable to assume that electrofishing can be conducted in the sea with a success which would be at least...

The ability of West Indian manatees (Trichechus manatus) to move between fresh and salt water raises the question of whether manatees drink salt water. Water turnover rates were estimated in captive West Indian manatees using the deuterium oxide dilution technique. Rates were quantified in animals using four experimental treatments: (1) held in fresh water and fed lettuce (N=4), (2) held in sal...

The purpose of this study was to (1) analyze the characteristics fresh concrete mixed with sea sand (2) compressive strength water and curing. In study, specimens used were 21 cylinders a job mix design plan f'c 25 MPa curing duration 7 days, 14 28 days. At age days 30.29 33.12 higher than seawater 29.02 32.13 MPa, while at 37. 08 compared 33.97 MPa. Sea has very good quality normal can be in c...

Survival of vertebrates in hypertonic environments such as the sea is opposed by diffusional loss of water and gain of sodium, and is aided by physical barriers to such diffusion along with the ability to transport ions actively. The energy expenditure for active transport obviously must be related to the efficiency of the physical barriers that impede diffusion. The description of these proces...

Time series of ice draft from 2003 to 2012 from moored sonar data are used to investigate variability and describe the reduction of the perennial sea ice cover in the Beaufort Gyre (BG), culminating in the extreme minimum in 2012. Negative trends in median ice drafts and most ice fractions are observed, while open water and thinnest ice fractions (<0.3 m) have increased, attesting to the ablati...