Nitrous oxide emissions during freeze/thaw periods contribute significantly to annual soil N2O emissions budgets in middle- and high-latitude areas; however, the freeze/thaw-related N2O emissions from waterlogged soils have hardly been studied in the Hulunber Grassland, Inner Mongolia. For this study, the effects of changes in land use/cover types on N2O emissions during freeze-thaw cycles were...

The use of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) to produce internally cured concrete has been shown to be effective in reducing the potential for restrained shrinkage cracking of high performance concrete mixtures. However, not much is known regarding the freeze–thaw durability of concrete mixtures that incorporate SAPs for internal curing (IC). When SAP particles desorb (or partially desorb) the “wa...

BACKGROUND Best practice when performing culture-independent microbiological analysis of sputum samples involves their rapid freezing and storage at -80°C. However, accessing biobanked collections can mean that material has been passed through repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of these cycles on microbial community profiles. METHODS Sputum was coll...

Seasonal cycles of freezing and thawing influence surface energy and water cycle fluxes. Specifically, soil frost can lead to the reduction in infiltration and an increase in runoff response, resulting in a greater potential for soil erosion. An increase in the number of soil freeze–thaw cycles may reduce soil compaction, which could affect various hydrologic processes. In this study, the autho...

The NASA Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission is dedicated to measurement of global soil moisture and boreal land surface freeze/thaw state [1]. The satellite will carry radar (active) and radiometer (passive) L-band instruments that will perform simultaneous and coincident measurements of the Earth’s surface. The combination of data from the two instruments will allow unprecedented ...

Ferrous and ferric sulphates and (oxy)hydroxides can grow on pyrite surfaces and slow oxidation rates. However, in northern climates, repeated freeze/thaw cycles can cause cracks, channeling and exposure of new surfaces. In the present study, weathering in a repeated freeze/thaw experiment was compared to a regular humidity cell experiment. Introductory results (after 17 weeks) show very small ...

We investigated the effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on mumps, measles, and rubella virus serum antibody levels with whole-virus immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunoassays. Fresh serum samples from nine healthy adult volunteers were divided into six sets of five aliquots each. Samples were taken through a total of 10 freeze-thaw cycles and stored at 4 degrees C until assayed. Each assay m...

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of commercial egg yolk powder as an alternative to fresh egg yolk on freezability of Murrah buffalo semen. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semen samples (12) from 3 Murrah buffaloes (4 from each bull) with mass motility (≥3+) and total motility (70% and above) were utilized in this study. Immediately after collection, each sample was divided into ...

A three-dimensional central composite design was used to study the effect of glycerol level, freeze rate, and thaw rate on acrosomal retention and percent motility. Glycerol levels examined were: 1, 4, 7, 10 and 13%. Average freeze rates between 1 0 and 8 0 C examined were: 6.5, 13.1, 26.3, 52.5 and 105.0 C/minute. Thaw rates studied were achieved by plunging straws into water at 5 C for 2 rain...

BACKGROUND Analysis of fresh specimens in research studies is ideal; however, it is often necessary to freeze samples for evaluation at a later time. Limited evaluation of the effect of freeze-thawing of tendon tissue samples on inherent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, such as ultrashort echo time (UTE) T2* values, have been performed to date. METHODS This study performed UTE MRI...