the agricultural products’ market has always been faced with many structural problems such as marketing weakness, price fluctuations and inadequate infrastructure and transportation in iran. a major cause of such structural problems has been referred to the traditional and inefficient structure of the agricultural products’ market. hence, iran mercantile exchange started its activity since 2007...

This article describes a new approach to the risk-neutral valuation of CDO tranches, based on a general specification of the tranche loss distributions and the index default distribution. The new model is a term-structure model, and the generality with which the basic distributions are specified allows it to be perfectly calibrated to any set of market prices (for any number of tranches and mat...

This paper presents the results of tests on the weak form of Efficient Market Hypothesis applied to carbon efficient stock market indices of India, the United States of America (USA), Japan, and Brazil and their corresponding market indices which are used as their benchmark indices. In this study, Kolmogrov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests are used to test the normality of data. Run test and auto...

this article intends to examine some theoretical viewpoints related to share values and prices in the stock market. in this context, the role of di vid end policie s, as well as the corelation of pricing th eories and dividends in postulating the market prices are studied. furthermore, the effects of promotion sh ares in the market, and the role of price anticipations and expected trends in the...

In this paper, we revisit price and volatility transmission among natural gas, fertilizer, corn markets; an important issue was explored in previous work. An update of the results is urgently needed due to recent enormous commodities, energy markets. We followed same methodology as work used vector error correction model multivariate generalized autoregressive heteroskedasticity model, but adop...

breakeven analysis is one of the most important existent tools for decision-making in agriculture. this technique used for analysis of different budget components about irrigated wheat crop in marvdasht township. the required data and information were collected via 154 questionnaires and using the stratified random sampling method during 2004-2005. results show that farmer's profit (rls. 4...

Despite the fact that erosion undermines productivity in the Ethiopian highlands, adoption of fertility enhancing techniques remained very minimal. The objectives of this study is to examine factors affecting adoption of fertilize and manure use and their interrelationships using plot and household level data collected from 211 farm households. A two-stage probit model results revealed a negati...

The original analysis of sponsored search auctions by Varian and independently by Aggarwal et al. did not take into account the notion of reserve prices, which are common across all major search engines. We investigate this further and show that the separability assumption derived by Aggarwal et al. is not sufficient for aligning the greedy allocation employed by GSP and the efficient allocatio...

In the Black-Scholes option pricing theory, asset prices are modelled as geometric Brownian motion with a fixed volatility parameter σ, and option prices are determined as functions of the underlying asset price. Options are in principle redundant in that their exercise values can be replicated by trading in the underlying. However, it is an empirical fact that the prices of exchange-traded opt...

For utility maximization problems under proportional transaction costs, it has been observed that the original market with transaction costs can sometimes be replaced by a frictionless shadow market that yields the same optimal strategy and utility. However, the question of whether or not this indeed holds in generality has remained elusive so far. In this paper we present a counterexample whic...