The protein product of the fra-2 gene (Fra-2), a fos-family member, can compete with Fos protein for participation in activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor complexes and each protein can contribute different transactivational consequences to an AP-1 complex. To date, there is limited characterization of fra-2 mRNA expression in the rat forebrain. We examined basal and restraint-induc...

OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs have key roles in tumor metastasis. The acquisition of metastatic capability by cancer cells is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we describe the role and molecular mechanism of miR-497 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell EMT, migration, and invasion. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays were performed to...

In their study of FRA in lung adenocarcinoma, O'Shannessy et al employed rigorous validation of a potentially useful clinical tool--using an immunohistochemical assay with a specific monoclonal antibody, they show that FRA expression is relatively specific for lung adenocarcinoma and that high FRA expression is associated with improved survival. Though further work will be necessary to translat...

Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra-2) is a member of the Fos family of immediate-early genes, most of which are rapidly induced by second messengers. All members of this family act by binding to AP-1 sites as heterodimeric complexes with other proteins. However, each appears to have a distinct role. The role and biology of Fra-2 are less well understood than those of its relatives c-Fos, Fra-1, and Fos...

BACKGROUND Plasma fructosamine concentration ([FRA]) is a widely used long term hyperglycemic biomarker in humans and dogs, but its clinical usefulness as a hypoglycemic biomarker in dairy cattle is uncertain. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between plasma [FRA] and glucose concentration ([gluc]) as well as indices of energy balance during early lactation in dairy cattle, and to chara...

References State Sample Age Drugs. % Laure, 2007 FRA 3500 11 Proh. List. 1,2 Wanjek, 2007 GER 2319 11-18 Proh. List. 15,1 vandenBerg, 2007 USA 2516 16-18 A.A.S. 1,5 Laure, 2003 FRA 6402 14-18 Proh. List. 5,0 Valois, 2002 CND 3573 13-18 Proh. List. 25,0* Laure, 2001 FRA 1501 15-18 Proh. List. 5,0 Nilsson, 2001 SWE 5827 16-17 A.A.S. B 2,9 Wichstrom, 2001 NOR 8508 15-22 A.A.S. 0,8 Escapad, 2001 FR...

To investigate the contribution that ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling makes to cell cycle progression and gene expression, we have constructed cell lines to express an inducible version of activated MEK1. Using these cells, we show that activation of MEK leads to the expression of Fra-1 and Fra-2 but not c-Fos. Treatment of Ras-transformed cells with the MEK inhibitor PD098059 bl...

We analyzed the metacarpophalangeal pattern profile (MCPP) on 18 male individuals from 16 families with fragile X--fra (X), or Martin-Bell--syndrome and calculated a mean syndrome profile. Fourteen of 18 individuals with fra (X) syndrome had significant positive correlations which indicated clinical homogeneity. Discriminant analysis of individuals with fra (X) syndrome compared with a sample o...

Structure-function analysis as well as studies with knock-out and transgenic mice have assigned distinct functions to c-Fos and Fra-1, two components of the transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein-1). To test whether Fra-1 could substitute for c-Fos, we generated knock-in mice that express Fra-1 in place of c-Fos. Fra-1 rescues c-Fos-dependent functions such as bone development and light-i...

Recent studies indicate a potential role for Fra-1, a heterodimeric partner of AP1, in toxicantinduced epithelial injury, repair, and cellular transformation. Here, we have investigated the effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on fra-1 expression in C10 cells, a nonmalignant murine alveolar type II-like epithelial cell line. DEP markedly up-regulated fra-1, but not fra-2, expression. The i...