in the recent decade, special attention is paid to reverse logistic due to economic benefits of recovery and recycling of used products as well as environmental legislation and social concerns. on the other hand، many researches claim that separately and sequential planning of forward and reverse logistic causes sub-optimality. effective transport activities are also one of the most important c...

On the basis of reviews on related literatures based on complexity science and complex adaptive system of supply chain management research, the development process of supply chain management has been analyzed, and several advantages to apply complex adaptive system in supply chain management research have been put forward. It has broad application prospects to study the coordination development...

After defining industrial chain and its expanding, we analyze the influencing mechanism of industrial chain expanding to firms’ independent innovation ability in this paper, and then we discuss how to enhance firms’ independent innovation ability through industrial chain expanding. With regard to the actual and specific conditions of industrial chain and innovation system of firms in Liaoning p...

Along with forward supply chain organization needs to consider the impact of reverse logistics due to its economic advantage, social awareness and strict legislations. In this paper, we develop a system dynamics framework for a closed-loop supply chain with fuzzy demand and fuzzy collection rate by incorporating product exchange policy in forward channel and various recovery options in reverse ...

At the strategic level, closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) management involves long-term decisions regarding the location and capacity allocation of forward/reverse logistics facilities, the assignment of products to facilities, and the distribution of products between facilities and their end users or suppliers. Both demand and return handling must be taken into account, and the overall problem b...

This is a report about Hidden Markov Models, a data structure used to model the probabilities of sequences, and the three algorithms associated with it. The algorithms are the forward algorithm and the Viterbi algorithm, both used to calculate the probability of a sequence, and the forward-backward algorithm, used to train a Hidden Markov Model on a set of sequences, raising the propabilites of...