BACKGROUND Buddleja crispa Benth (Buddlejaceae) is a dense shrub; several species of genus Buddleja have been used in the management of various health conditions including pain and inflammation. The present study was aimed to investigate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties of B. crispa. METHODS Male rats (220-270 gm,) and mice (25-30 gm) were randomly divided into di...

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of Piper betle leaves (MPBL). MATERIALS AND METHODS MPBL was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model. Analgesic activity of MPBL was evaluated by hot plate, writhing, and formalin tests. Total phenolic and f...

Litsea deccanensis Gamble. (Family: Lauraceae) is used traditionally for sprained or swollen joints such as ankles knee. Still, there no report its analgesic activity, therefore the present study was aimed to evaluate activity of crude methanolic extract L. (MELD) bark in various mice models. Acetic acid-induced writhing, Eddy’s hot plate and formalin induced paw licking tests were performed pa...

Introduction: Beside its autonomic functions, the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (LPGi) is involved in the descending pain modulation. 17β-Estradiol is a neuroactive steroid found in several brain areas such as LPGi. Intra-LPGi microinjection of 17β-estradiol can elicit the analgesic responses. 17β-Estradiol modulates nociception by binding to estrogenic receptors as wel...

background: ghrelin is a peptide with attenuating effect on inflammatory pain. both anti- and pro-inflammatory mediators have a role in the nociception and development of pain and hyperalgesia. il-10 and tgf-β are anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines related to peripheral and central inflammatory pain. in this study, the effects of i.p. injection ...

introduction: 17β-estradiol modulates nociception by binding to estrogenic receptors and also by allosteric interaction with other membrane-bound receptors like glutamate and gabaa receptors. beside its autonomic functions, paragigantocellularis lateralis (lpgi) nucleus is also involved in pain modulation. the aim of the current study was to investigate the role of the intracellular estrogenic ...

introduction: estradiol is a neuroactive steroid, which is found in several brain areas such as locus coeruleus (lc). estradiol modulates nociception by binding to its receptors and also by allosteric interaction with other membranebound receptors like glutamate and gabaa receptors. lc is involved in noradrenergic descending pain modulation. methods: in order to study the effect of 17β-estradio...

  Objective(s): The present study investigated the effects of microinjection of histamine and histamine H1, H2, and H3 receptor antagonists, chlorpheniramine, ranitidine and thioperamide, respectively into the primary somatosensory cortex (PSC) on inflammatory pain.   Material and Methods: Two stainless steel guide canulas were bilaterally implanted into the PSC of anaesthetized rats. Inf...