Software fault tolerance schemes often employ multiple software versions developed to meet the same specification. If the versions fail independently of each other, they can be combined to give high levels of reliability. While design diversity is a means to develop these versions, it has been questioned because it increases development costs and because reliability gains are limited by common-...

This study evaluated cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to maximum exercise and aerobic capacity in hemiplegic patients and clarified the relationship between the resulting data and motor disability. Twenty patients with stroke and fifteen healthy controls were included in the study. Cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to maximum exercise were investigated with an electronically braked...

Exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients treated with oral aminophylline may be different from those treated with high-dose inhaled ipratropium bromide. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of therapeutic doses of oral aminophylline with high-dose ipratropium bromide on spirometry and exercise tolerance. The study was conducted on three consecu...

INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide that may lead to impaired exercise tolerance. In this study we exhibit the relationship between two endothelin-1 (+134 3A/4A and G198T) SNPs involved in COPD and their association to impaired exercise tolerance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 22 COPD smoke...

www.aafp.org/afp Volume 85, Number 2 ◆ January 15, 2012 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects more than 5 percent of U.S adults and is the third leading cause of death. Manifestations of COPD range from dyspnea and poor exercise tolerance to chronic cough, wheezing, and respiratory failure. In cooperation with the American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, a...

BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves a progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function. While early-stage CKD patients may show changes in pulmonary function and lowered exercise tolerance, the role of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in these patterns remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigated pulmonary function and exercise tolerance in pre-dialyti...

In the present study, we investigated the anti-fatigue activity in male Kunming mice of extracts of stem bark from Acanthopanax senticosus (ASSE) using a forced swimming test. Mice were divided into four groups (three ASSE administered groups and the control group). The control group were gavaged with distilled water and ASSE administered groups were gavaged with ASSE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg). ...

A 75-year-old Caucasian man presented with a 3-month history of progressive dyspnoea, unrelated to position, with an exercise tolerance of 100 m. He had experienced thrombolysis following an inferior myocardial infarction 8 years previously. Initial diagnosis was cardiac dyspnoea; transthoracic echocardiogram showed moderate left ventricular dysfunction without significant progression from prev...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate effects of Hatha yoga and Omkar meditation on cardiorespiratory performance, psychologic profile, and melatonin secretion. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty healthy men in the age group of 25-35 years volunteered for the study. They were randomly divided in two groups of 15 each. Group 1 subjects served as controls and performed body flexibility exercises for 40 minutes and s...

The aim of this study was to develop suitable spirometric prediction equations for asymptomatic Caucasian adults in the Australian population. These equations were compared with those of previous studies and constants were presented which, when associated with the prediction equations, permitted the calculation of 5% tolerance intervals for lung function. The 1,302 subjects (aged 18-78 yrs) who...