before the death of saparmurat niyazov, many international observers were concerned about the future of turkmenistan after announcement of his death. most observers believed that because of the way of his governance and in the absence of appropriate mechanisms for peaceful shift of power, this process will not be peaceful and the country will face some disturbance. but, what happened in reality...

While observers have focused on the political use of social media when exploring their democratic potential, we know little about users’ perceptions of these media. These perceptions could well be important to understanding the political use of social media. In exploring users’ perceptions, the article asks whether politicians and voters view social media in a similar way, and to what extent th...

We investigate the scenario where an observer, Alice, shares a two-qubit state with arbitrary number of observers, Bobs, via sequentially and independently recycling qubit in possession first Bob. It is known that there exist entangled states which can be used to have arbitrarily long sequence Bobs who violate Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality single Alice. show do not whose ent...

Humans are a coalitional, parochial species. Yet, extreme actions of solidarity are sometimes taken for distant or unrelated groups. What motivates people to become solidary with groups to which they do not belong originally? Here, we demonstrate that such distant solidarity can occur when the perceived treatment of an out-group clashes with one's political beliefs (e.g., for Leftists, oppressi...

Islam’s view on the status of women has been among the controversial topics in the American universities in recent decades. The rise of the political Islam and its embodiment in the Islamic Republic of Iran is considered by many critics as the turning point in the making of the Muslim women as an analytical category for the Western observers. This study focuses on Muslim women’s citizenship as ...

In the original one-to-one teleportation protocol of Bennett et al. [1], an observer Alice transmits the information of a d-level system to another observer Bob with perfect ˇdelity, by using a maximally entangled state. We introduce a generalization called the many-to-many teleportation, where the information is sent from N observers to M receivers situated at different locations. One of the m...