Ethanol abuse is linked to several acute and chronic injuries that can lead to health problems. Ethanol addiction is one of the most severe diseases linked to the abuse of this drug. Symptoms of ethanol addiction include compulsive substance intake and withdrawal syndrome. Stress exposure has an important role in addictive behavior for many drugs of abuse (including ethanol), but the consequenc...

Deriving adequate withdrawal intervals for extralabel use of veterinary topical products is difficult because there are limited published data, and data for approved drugs and pesticides are usually proprietary. Where possible, approved products and doses labeled for the specific indication at hand should be used and label withdrawal times should be adhered to. When determining whether topical ...

BACKGROUND Leptin has been shown to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Because leptin acts via regulation of appetite, we studied the hypothesis that suggests leptin modulates craving for alcohol as well. METHODS We studied leptin plasma concentrations (RIA) both in alcoholic subjects during inpatient detoxification (day 1: n = 78, day 14: n = 60) and in healthy control subjects (n ...

The absence of phytoestrogens in the diet during pregnancy has been reported to result in obesity later in adulthood. We investigated whether phytoestrogen withdrawal in adult life could alter the hypothalamic signals that regulate food intake and affect body weight and glucose homeostasis. Male Wistar rats fed from conception to adulthood with a high phytoestrogen diet were submitted to phytoe...

1:)8ssage of AMDUCA and its implementation by the r FDA-Center for Veterinary Medicine has allowed food animal veterinarians to use drugs legally in an exttalabel manner as long as an appropriately extended withdrawal time (WDT) is followed. Providing these extended WDT for specific drug classes has been the main focus for the FARAD Digest series in the ]AVMA.1 But, what is the basis of these e...

When smokers are in situations where smoking is prohibited, chewing gum is believed to reduce cravings to smoke. However, there is little scientific evidence to support this widely held assumption. The present study assessed craving for a cigarette and nicotine withdrawal in 20 dependent cigarette smokers under one of two conditions. All subjects smoked an initial cigarette upon arrival to the ...

Carswell, F., and Ferguson, A. (1973). Archives ofDisease in Childhood, 48, 583. Plasma food antibodies during withdrawal and reintroduction of dietary gluten in coeliac disease. Out of 55 patients with coeliac disease, 40 had food antibodies in their plasma at diagnosis. The antibodies disappeared in all but 6 of 21 patients after 2 months on a gluten-free diet. 5 out of these 6 patients had h...

High body mass index (BMI) is an important cause of a range of diseases and is estimated to be the seventh leading cause of death globally. In this paper we discuss evidence that food consumption shows similarities to features of other addictive behaviours, such as automaticity and loss of control. Glycemic index is hypothesised to be the element of food that predicts its addictive potential. A...