This paper uses panel cointegration techniques to examine the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions for a group of 12 MENA countries covering the annual period 1975-2008. The Granger-causality results indicate that there is no causal relationship between these variables in short run except a unidirectional causality running from renewable en...

This study is an attempt to explore the impact of trade and financial openness on government size in the case of Pakistan. In doing so, we utilized FMOLS for cointegration and Ng-Perron for unit root estimation along with ECM for short run dynamics. Empirical results reveal that current government expenditures influence government size in future. Trade-openness is associated positively with the...

A number of studies have estimated the income elasticity of health care expenditure to identify whether health care is a necessary or luxury product. However, the issue has received less attention in developing countries, especially in Asian economies. The current study for the first time has used the panel data covering 36 Asian countries for the period 1995-2013 for revealing the nature of he...

This study examines causal link between energy use and economic growth for five South Asian countries over period 1971-2006. Panel cointegration, ECM and FMOLS are applied for short and long run estimates. In short run unidirectional causality from per capita GDP to per capita energy consumption is found, but not vice versa. In long run one percent increase in per capita energy consumption tend...

This paper investigates the possible existence of dynamic causality between energy price, trade openness and economic growth using data thirty-six emerging economies over period 1980 to 2014. Panel unit root tests, panel cointegration, fully modified least squares (FMOLS) methods tests are used investigate this relationship. The FMOLS estimation reveals that higher international reserve, consum...

Energy is the economy's oxygen and lifeblood of progress, particularly in developing economies that are undergoing widespread industrialization. In growth theories, it frequently suggested energy, like labor capital, should be regarded as inputs. The current study aims to look into this contrivance context South Asian countries. Panel data has been utilized for Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Sri ...

Even though some progress has been recorded in terms of GDP growth Sub-Saharan Africa, still the region high level extreme poverty, income inequality, insecurity, consequently low human development. This study examined effect foreign remittances and governance on development for 20 countries sub-Saharan using data from 1996 to 2019. The used FMOLS DOLS methods estimates long run coefficients. A...

One of the problems education development in Indonesia is slow distribution education, especially regions. Understanding relationship between government spending on and family income helps improve equity region formulate appropriate policies. The study examines effects expenditure income, poverty, control variables primary, junior, senior secondary net enrollment ratio means years schooling. Th...

The aim of this research is to examine the potential influence FDI inflows and tourism industry on carbon dioxide emissions in China using System GMM models for a sample period 1980–2019. Using FMOLS DOLS models, examines long-term relationship between variables, as well association among components. Co-joining boards shows general correlation investigation elements CO 2 China. FDI, sector, env...