This study was conducted to determine if humoral antibody response of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine improved in 8-week-old growing pigs born to well-vaccinated sows pre-treated with 60 mg of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) three days before vaccination. Antibody against FMD virus serotype O was measured 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-vaccination, using a PrioCHECK FMDV type O ELISA kit. The resul...

Outbreaks of FMD can either be controlled by stamping-out or (circle) culling, or by (ring-) vaccination around the outbreak area, or by a combination of the two methods. The pros and cons of the two methods are discussed. A major draw-back – next to many other disadvantages of the massive circle culling is its contribution to spreading disease. We challenge the dogma that “vaccination against ...

Antigen and vaccine banks are stocks of immunogenic materials ready to be formulated into vaccines (bulk antigens) or ready to use (vaccines) in case of need by one or more of the parties of the bank. These stocks were primarily developed by foot and mouth disease [FMD] free European countries to control unexpected severe FMD episodes after the cessation of routine vaccination in the 1990s. For...

The efficacy of an inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine is mainly dependent on the integrity of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) particles. At present, the standard method to quantify the active component, the 146S antigen, of FMD vaccines is sucrose density gradient (SDG) analysis. However, this method is highly operator dependent and difficult to automate. In contrast, the ...

In the Asia region, foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks are predominantly caused by FMD virus (FMDV) serotype O. The two main topotypes involved are ‘South-East Asia’ (SEA) and ‘Middle East – South Asia’ (ME-SA). FMDV of the SEA topotype (Mya-98 lineage) is widespread in South-East Asia and East Asia. FMD outbreaks due to serotype A have been sporadically observed in recent years. Serotype A...

This experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccination on behavior and Korean native growing cattle. Eeffects additional FMD behavior, blood profiles, feed intake, weight gain antibody formation cattle investigated. There was no significant difference in Active Not active experimental animals. intake daily by vaccination. After vaccine injection, ...

Inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines are currently used worldwide. With the emergence of various FMD virus serotypes and subtypes, vaccines must become more suitable for field-based uses under the current circumstances in terms of the fast and proper selection of vaccine strains, an extended vaccine development period for new viruses, protecting against the risk of virus leakage du...

Predictive models have been used extensively to assess the likely effectiveness of vaccination policies as part of control measures in the event of a foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak. However, the availability of vaccine stocks and the impact of vaccine availability on disease control strategies represent a key uncertainty when assessing potential control strategies. Using an epidemiologic...

Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus is an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus and causing acute febrile illness disease in cattle water buffalo. Foot-and-mouth (FMD) a highly infectious viral of mammals has great potential for severe economic loss susceptible cloven-hoofed animals. FMD BEF vaccines are widely used countries where both diseases seen together. This study was carried out to determine the i...

BACKGROUND Concerns regarding the safety of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine have been raised since it is produced from cultured live FMD virus (FMDV). To overcome this issue, recombinant protein has been studied as an alternative vaccine. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We designed a chimerical multi-epitope recombinant protein (5BT), which is comprised of tandem repeats of five B cel...