A method for the simultaneous measurement of velocity and passive scalar concentration fields by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser induced florescence (PLIF) techniques is described here. An application of the combined PIV-PLIF system is demonstrated by performing simultaneous velocity and concentration measurements in the near field of a turbulent jet mixing flow. The ...

the abbasid era has been the period of florescence of the islamic culture and civilization. literature was of great contention in this era.the present article studies the relationship between translation and literary criticism which resulted in changes in the basic theories of literary criticism by critics.

Objective: To measure various optical parameters in skin sample of chicken. Methods: We illuminated the chicken breast skin tissues with collimated radiation of 400-700 nm Nd-YAG pumped dye laser, and measured skin optical properties for dry and hydrated sample in vitro. Total reflectance and transmitted intensities were recorded by which scattering, absorption and anisotropic factors of the sa...

Motivation. When you are bitten by a mosquito, you know that the bump itches. When you burn your hand on a match, you know that the match was hot. This ability to discriminate sensory modalities is present, despite the fact that these stimuli activate overlapping sets of peripheral receptors, and travel to your brain generally along the same paths, utilizing overlapping sets of neurons [1]. How...