We tested for an association between nectar and various floral traits and investigated their roles as primary and secondary pollinator attractants in hummingbird-pollinated Silene virginica. Our goal was to gain insight into the mechanisms of pollinator-mediated selection that underlies floral trait divergence within the genus. In a field population of S. virginica, we measured five floral and ...

The relative number of seeds produced by competing species can influence the community structure; yet, traits that influence seed production, such as pollinator attraction and floral colour, have received little attention in community ecology. Here, we analyse floral colour using reflectance spectra that include near-UV and examined the phylogenetic signal of floral colour. We found that coflow...

Article history: Received 6 January 2012 Revised 20 August 2012 Available online 17 October 2012 JEL classification: F16 F22 F66 J61 O15

Intraspecific variation in plants is driven by both genetic and environmental factors and has been shown to play an important role in determining assemblages of herbivores, predators, and pathogens. Yet, the consequences of genetic (G) and environmental (E) factors, as well as potential (G3E) interactions, for floral visitor communities remains poorly explored. In a common garden experiment, we...

The emission of floral terpenes plays a key role in pollination in many plant species. We hypothesized that the floral phyllospheric microbiota could significantly influence these floral terpene emissions because microorganisms also produce and emit terpenes. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the effect of removing the microbiota from flowers. We fumigated Sambucus nigra L. plants, includi...

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by gas chromatography-massspectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to analyses of components of floral-water of Rosmarinusofficinalis . Some effective parameters such as volume of extraction, disperser solvents andsalt effect were studied by a full factorial design for obtain the optimum condition. The maincompounds of the floral-water of Rosmarinu...

This article focuses on bordering as a fundamental semiotic process of human psychological functioning. First, we discuss similarities between semiosis and explore their relationships. In the perspective cultural psychology dynamics, psychic life is purposeful production interpretation signs, carried out through cycles culturally guided, selective internalization externalization. Signs borders ...

We describe the role of the UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) gene in Arabidopsis floral development based on a genetic and molecular characterization of the phenotypes of nine ufo alleles. UFO is required for the proper identity of the floral meristem and acts in three different aspects of the process that distinguishes flowers from shoots. UFO is involved in establishing the whorled pattern of flor...

Natural phenotypic variation, a result of genetic variation, developed during evolution in response to environmental selections. Physalis philadelphica, known as tomatillo in the Solanaceae, is rich in floral and post-floral organ size diversity. However, its genetic variation is unknown. Here P. philadelphica was classified into three groups with large, intermediate, and small reproductive org...