Background: Clostridium chauvoei is the etiological agent of blackleg as an endogenous infection in cattle.  Flagella have been known to play a critical role in the protective immunity of animals to clostridial infections. C.chauvoei has two copies of fliC gene, namely fliA and fliB. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was the determination and nucleotide sequence analysis of both copies of fliC ...

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains of serogroup O145 are emerging as causes of diarrhea and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. However, there have been few genetic analyses of this EHEC group. We investigated the serotypes, virulence genes, plasmid profiles, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, and genetic variability of the fliC and eae genes in 120 EHEC O145 strains is...

The gene function of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) is essential for full virulence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Strict control of LEE gene expression is mediated by the coordinated activities of several regulatory elements. We previously reported that the ClpX/ClpP protease positively controls LEE expression by down-regulating intracellular levels of GrlR, a negative...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are opportunistic pathogens associated with infections in immunocompromised hosts and patients with cystic fibrosis. Like many other mucosal pathogens, P. aeruginosa cells express flagella which provide motility and chemotaxis toward preferred substrates but also provide a ligand for clearance by phagocytic cells. We tested the role of flagella in the initial stag...

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers among women. Common cancer treatment methods are not effective enough, and there is a need for a more efficient treatment procedure. Cancer vaccine is a novel immunotherapy method that stimulates humoral and/or cellular immunity against cancer. Placenta-specific protein 1 (PLAC1) is a cancer/testis antigen, prevalent in breast cance...

Immunochromatography (IC) is an antigen-detection assay that plays an important role in the rapid diagnosis of influenza virus because the protocol is short time and easy to use. Despite the usability of IC, the sensitivity is approximately 10(3) pfu per reaction. In addition, antigen-antibody interaction-based method cannot be used for the detection of influenza viruses with major antigenic ch...

BACKGROUND Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) in children from low-income countries has been linked to linear growth declines. There is a critical need to identify sensitive and early EED biomarkers. OBJECTIVE Determine whether levels of antibodies against bacterial components flagellin (flic) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) predict poor growth. DESIGN/METHODS In a prospective birth cohor...

The action of the overlap-Dirac operator on a vector is typically implemented indirectly through a multi-shift conjugate gradient solver. The compute-time required depends upon the condition number, κ, of the matrix that is used as the overlap kernel. While the Wilson action is typically used as the overlap kernel, the FLIC (Fat Link Irrelevant Clover) action has an improved condition number an...

background and objectives: urinary tract infection (uti) is one of the most common infections in the world. the majority of utis are caused by uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec) strains. fimh and flic are the most important virulence factors of upec. to date, any ideal vaccine against uti has not been approved for human use and we need to test new targets to develop an ideal vaccine against ...

The Fat-Link Irrelevant Clover (FLIC) fermion action provides a new form of nonperturbative O(a)-improvement in lattice fermion actions offering near continuum results at finite lattice spacing. It provides computationally inexpensive access to the light quark mass regime of QCD where chiral nonanalytic behaviour associated with Goldstone bosons is revealed. The motivation and formulation of FL...