Pyrogenic plants dominate many fire-prone ecosystems. Their prevalence suggests some advantage to their enhanced flammability, but researchers have had difficulty tying pyrogenicity to individual-level advantages. Based on our review, we propose that enhanced flammability in fire-prone ecosystems should protect the belowground organs and nearby propagules of certain individual plants during fir...

Pyrogenic plants dominate many fire-prone ecosystems. Their prevalence suggests some advantage to their enhanced flammability, but researchers have had difficulty tying pyrogenicity to individual-level advantages. Based on our review, we propose that enhanced flammability in fire-prone ecosystems should protect the belowground organs and nearby propagules of certain individual plants during fir...

The four processes involved in the flammability of materials are described and related to the various flame retardance mechanisms that may operate. Following this the four practical approaches used in improving flame retardance of materials are described. Each approach is illustrated with a number of typical examples of flame retardants or synthetic procedures used. This overview of flammabilit...

A feedback control strategy is applied to enhance the performance of a laboratory-scale pulsed combustor operating near the lower flammability limit. As with many combustion processes, at lean conditions, combustion instabilities develop which result in complex, lowfrequency fluctuations in fuel concentration and lead directly to misfire and flameout. The control strategy exploits the highly no...

Mechanisms for flame retardation are reviewed and general principles developed. Approaches for utilizing flame retardants in various systems are discussed. Structure and flammability relationships are developed. Recent developments in flame retardants are presented. Market forecasts and directions are reviewed.

Flame Retardants in Discarded Foam Products New furniture labeling and flammability standards in California are expected to offer a market-driven solution for people who want to avoid flame retardants.

Motivated by the potential use of catalytic materials in micro-combustor application, the primary scope of this study is to investigate the lean extinction characteristics of premixed flames in the presence of catalytic reaction. In particular, the effects of mixture dilution on the lean flammability limit are examined by adopting a stagnation-point flow system with a methane/air mixture over a...

The excess enthalpy flames and their dynamics below the flammability limit are studied by considering two flames that propagate in opposite directions in parallel channels. The model enables the coupling between the external heat loss, convection preheating, diffusion transport and finite rate chemistry. Analytical expressions for the flame temperature, separation distance, and extinction limit...