The reuse of treated wastewater, in particular for irrigation, is an increasingly common practice, encouraged by governments and official entities worldwide. Irrigation with wastewater may have implications at two different levels: alter the physicochemical and microbiological properties of the soil and/or introduce and contribute to the accumulation of chemical and biological contaminants in s...

A new version of a digital global map of irrigation areas was developed by combining irrigation statistics for 10 825 sub-national statistical units and geo-spatial information on the location and extent of irrigation schemes. The map shows the percentage of each 5 arc minute by 5 arc minute cell that was equipped for irrigation around the year 2000. It is thus an important data set for global ...

Description: Support to smallholder irrigation agriculture by virtue of establishing smalland medium-scale irrigation perimeters along the Eastern and South-Eastern slopes of Mt Kenya. In the first two phases (phase III ongoing, phase IV under preparation) approx. 2,700 smallholder farmers benefited from the establishment of 1,785 hectares of newly irrigated land (6 perimeters with altogether 4...

to determine the best planting date and irrigation schedule in a cotton field (gossypium hirsutum var.varamin) in garmsar region an experiment was conducted in 2011. the experimental design was splitplot based on randomized complete block with three replications. three irrigation termination dates (2011sep 11th, 2011 sep 21st and 2011 oct 2nd) arranged in main plots as main factor and three pla...

AIM To compare the clinical and microbiological results between patients with infectious vaginitis receiving vaginal irrigation with saline or no irrigation before standard antibiotic therapy. METHODS Women with vaginitis (n = 109) were randomized to receive vaginal irrigation with saline or no irrigation before standard antibiotic therapy. The vaginal symptoms perceived by subjects and clini...

This study investigated the effects of 4 aeration levels (varied by injection of air to the soil through subsurface irrigation lines) at two subsurface irrigation line depths (15 and 40 cm) on plant growth, yield and nutritional quality of greenhouse tomato. In all experiments, fruit number, width and length, yield, vitamin C, lycopene and sugar/acid ratio of tomato markedly increased in respon...

Microbial infection plays an important role in the development of pulp necrosis and formation of periapical lesions. In vitro and in vivo research in this field, traditionally microbiological culture methods using paper point sampling and quantitative culture, faces difficulties in completely removing bacteria from the root canal system and analyzing sequential procedures. This study employed g...

addressing deficit irrigation scheduling (dis) for strategic crop production (especially wheat) under precipitation uncertainty is a priority for irrigation scheduling in drought conditions. this research investigated the precipitation uncertainty by enacting optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the next 20 years by considering the statistical record of climate in badjgah area. dis was cond...