awma.org Copyright 2012 Air & Waste Management Association The organic fraction of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can comprise a large fraction of total concentrations of PM across the United States.1 Typically, organic aerosol (OA) or organic particulate matter (OPM) has been viewed as primary and secondary in nature, referring to material that is directly emitted to the atmosphere or PM that...

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown the associations of ambient temperature and particulate matter (PM) air pollution with respiratory morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been well characterized. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations of temperature and fine and coarse PM with fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), a well-established...

paper presents the work carried out in developing a precision, bolus injection system to study the effect of regional deposition of fine particulate matter (PM) within the human respiratory system and to investigate the optimal conditions for inhaled drug delivery. In contrast to existing methods, the new system computes parameters necessary and injects PM into breath cycles by a process of dyn...

BACKGROUND During the last week of June 2008, central and northern California experienced thousands of forest and brush fires, giving rise to a week of severe fire-related particulate air pollution throughout the region. California experienced PM(10-2.5) (particulate matter with mass median aerodynamic diameter > 2.5 mum to < 10 mum; coarse ) and PM(2.5) (particulate matter with mass median aer...

In this research, we investigated the public health risks associated with atmospheric exposure to PM2.5 for different subpopulations (black, white, Hispanic, youth, adults, and elderly) in the Washington, DC area. Washington, DC has long been considered a non-healthy place to live according to the American Lung Association due to its poor air quality. This recognition clearly includes the negat...

A long-term campaign for monitoring the concentration of atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM) was conducted at multiple sites located in the center and suburbs of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area in Japan. The concentration of fine PM has shown a declining trend over the last two decades. A positive matrix factorization model elucidated that the contribution of combustion sources was drastically redu...

Studies on health effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) have traditionally focused on particles <10 microm in diameter (PM10) or particles <2.5 microm in diameter (PM2.5). The coarse fraction of PM10, particles >2.5 microm, has only been studied recently. These particles have different sources and composition compared with PM2.5. This paper is based on a systematic review of studies that ...

BACKGROUND Air pollution is a common alibi used by adolescents taking up smoking and by smokers uncertain about quitting. However, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) causes fine particulate matter (PM) indoor pollution exceeding outdoor limits, while new engines and fuels have reduced particulate emissions by cars. Data comparing PM emission from ETS and a recently released diesel car are presen...