benefits have led to its acquiring a whole new importance. The fig can constitute a part of just about any special diet. Since figs do not naturally contain fat, sodium or cholesterol but have high levels of fibre, they are an ideal food for those trying to lose weight. At the same time, figs have higher mineral contents than any other known fruit. Forty grams of figs contains 244 mg of potassi...

Abstract Dried figs are a garden produce that must be graded after harvesting. Moisture levels and contaminated blank two of the most critical effective elements on marketability dried figs, they highly related to fig quality. In present research, an intelligent system was employed classify based moisture content infected fruits. Capacitance characteristics, average diameter, fruit area were al...

The fig tree, Ficus curtipes, hosts an obligate pollinating wasp, an undescribed Eupristina sp., but can also be pollinated by two inquiline (living in the burrow, nest, gall, or other habitation of another animal) wasps, Diaziella yangi and an undescribed Lipothymus sp. The two inquilines are unable to independently induce galls and depend on the galls induced by the obligate pollinator for re...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pollinator specificity facilitates reproductive isolation among plants, and mechanisms that generate specificity influence species boundaries. Long-range volatile attractants, in combination with morphological co-adaptations, are generally regarded as being responsible for maintaining extreme host specificity among the fig wasps that pollinate fig trees, but increasing evide...

In the tropical African region the entire drosophilid genus Lissoceplzala and Drosophila $mu species group have evolved a close association with endemic figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae). We previously described the biology of a few of these figdependent drosophilids (Lachaise, 1977). We report here on a further investigation in evergreen rainforests, mainly in western Africa, that has yielded inform...

In the PDF, Figs 6 and 7 incorrectly appear as duplicates of Figs 10 and 11. The HTML version and figure legends are correct. The publisher apologizes for the error. Please see the correct versions of Figs 6 and 7 here. open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provid...

1. Facilitation, where one species helps another without cost or benefit to itself, is recorded from diverse plant-insect interactions, including pollination and herbivory. We investigated the significance of facilitation resulting from the behaviour of pollinator fig wasps inside figs shared with other species. Fig wasp females emerge from natal figs via exit holes dug by pollinator and some o...

Sanitization using chemical agents to reduce the microbiological load on surface of agricultural products have drawback leaving residues. Conversely, physical treatments, such as ultraviolet radiation C (UV-C), are residue-free, non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Ripe figs perishable, exhibiting an epidermis with low resistance mechanical treatment, high water content ostiole, which is ope...