background: relaxation-training, as an anxiety-reducer intervention, plays an important role in fetal health. the present study aimed to analyze the effect of maternal relaxation on stress test (nst), basal fetal heart rate, and number of fetal heart accelerations. methods: in this randomized controlled trial, 84 pregnant women were randomly divided into two groups of teaching relaxation and co...

The fetal origins hypothesis posits that in-utero stress increases the incidence of chronic conditions later in life. Utilizing 21 years of National Health Interview Survey data, this study estimates the health effect of in-utero exposure to the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic. Exploiting the fact that people were exposed to the flu at different points during fetal development, the model tests precis...

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal spectrum disorders (FASDs) are caused by prenatal exposure (PAE). They cause epigenetic changes, permanent neurodevelopmental deficits, anomalies in growth facial structure. This article enforces the need for health social care professionals to have a greater understanding awareness of how FAS FASD may impact on individual, family community, enable them pr...

Background: Despite the progress of family planning programs, a significant proportion of pregnancies are still unplanned which threatens the different dimensions of community health. Unplanned pregnancy affects parent's-child association. Maternal-fetal attachment provides a model for the child's mental-social function at present and in the future. Objectives: This study was conducted to dete...

BACKGROUND Fetal movement, a sign of life, is widely considered as an indicator of fetal health status. Therefore, perceived alteration in regular fetal movement after the age of viability may signify impending adverse perinatal outcome. AIMS This study aimed to determine maternal knowledge, behavior, and concerns about abnormal fetal movement in the third trimester of pregnancy. MATERIALS ...

May/June 2012 become an issue in medical-legal cases. There are no national standards for setting parameters for EFM alerts or the timeframe expected for acknowledgement. Often default settings are determined when the system is installed and may vary widely from one institution to another. In many cases, the default settings can be altered by the clinician based on the individual patient situat...

Although considerable evidence suggests that in utero arsenic exposure affects children's health, these data are mainly from areas of the world where groundwater arsenic levels far exceed the World Health Organization limit of 10 μg/L. We, and others, have found that more common levels of in utero arsenic exposure may also impact children's health. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms a...

one of the basic rituals of islam is fasting during ramadan. in this month, all able-bodied muslims abstain from food, fluids, smoking, and oral medications from sunrise to sunset. according to the quran, if fasting poses major health risks to individuals, fasting during this holy month is not allowed. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of fasting on maternal and fetal health. therefore, ...