The feedback error-related negativity (fERN) is a component of the human event-related brain potential (ERP) elicited by feedback stimuli. A recent theory holds that the fERN indexes a reward prediction error signal associated with the adaptive modification of behavior. Here we present behavioral and ERP data recorded from participants engaged in a modified time estimation task. As predicted by...

background and objectives: the main aims of this study have been finding out the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of some fern species. methods: the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts of polypodium interjectum shivas, polystichum woronowii fomin, polystichum aculeatum (l.) roth., dryopteris affinis (lowe) fraser-jenk, athyrium filix-femina (l.) roth, a...

Cheilanthes grisea Blanford, a rare fern of Kumaun hills, is a member of psinopteridaceae family of leptosporangiate group of ferns. Aq. methanolic extract (50%) of this fern was screened for antifungal activity by thin layer autobiochromatographic methods. Chemical investigation of the fern fronds of C. grisea Blanford revealed the presence of a flavonol glycoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glycosyl (1→...

background: premature rupture of membranes (prom) is a common obstetric issue during pregnancy which might lead to serious fetal or maternal problems. therefore, an appropriate diagnosis and management of prom are of significant importance in patients. objective: the aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of placental alpha microglobuline-1 (pamg-1) test in prom diagnosis and compare t...

Authors/Task Force Members. Chairpersons: Francisco Fern andez-Avilés (Spain), Andre Terzic (USA); Basic Research Subcommittee: Lina Badimon (Spain), Kathleen Broughton (USA), Darcy L. DiFede (USA), Stefanie Dimmeler (Germany), Rosalinda Madonna (Italy), Marc S. Penn (USA), Mark A. Sussman (USA), Joost P.G. Sluijter (The Netherlands), Kai C. Wollert (Germany); Translational Research Subcommitte...

fractions of bracken fern-fed cattle and of cows bearing spontaneous urinary bladder tumors contained some carcinogenic substance(s) which induced tumors in the bladder of the calf, dog, rat, or mouse and tumors in the skin of mice. It is not known whether this carcinogenic activity is attributable to bracken fern itself or to its metabolites. It has been shown (22) that the carcinogenicity of ...

BACKGROUND Although ferns are often known under collective names in Norway, e.g. blom, a substantial number of vernacular names for individual fern species are known, in particular for useful or poisonous taxa. In the past, the rhizomes (Norwegian: moldfôr) of selected species were collected for fodder. Only scattered records of such use are available from southern Norway, and the tradition's c...

Feedback error-related negativity (fERN) has been referred to as a negative deflection in the event related potential (ERP), which distinguishes between wins and losses in terms of expected and unexpected outcomes. Some studies refer to the "expected outcome" as the probability to win vs. to lose, and others as expected size of rewards. We still do not know much about whether these alternative ...

Hierarchical Sb was successfully fabricated via a very simple and cost-effective electrochemical deposition method. Morphological and structural characterizations show that the as-prepared Sb has a uniform fern leaf-like structure which is composed of well-crystallized Sb nanoparticles. The formation mechanism of the fern leaf-like Sb was also investigated. The hierarchical Sb exhibits desirabl...