We evaluated the ability of underground fencing to exclude pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae) from experimental plots planted with alfalfa. Fencing extending 61 cm below and 91 cm aboveground, with a 15.2-cm lip bent 90 degrees inward at the bottom, did not prevent marked and unmarked gophers from escaping, invading, or moving among six adjacent plots. Complete underground screening, in combinati...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the causes of child drowning and determine the need for changes in the legislation as well as improvements to the inspection and enforcement of current legislation related to barriers surrounding private swimming pools. METHODS There were 3 stages to the study: a retrospective review of coroner's data, an audit of swimming pool inspections, and in-depth interviews wit...

Tourists and Wild-life photographers are often hindered in capturing their cherished images/videos by a fence that limits accessibility to the scene of interest. The situation has been exacerbated by growing concerns of security at public places and a need exists to provide a tool that can be used for post-processing such “fenced videos to produce a “de-fenced” image. There are several challeng...

In southern Africa’s “Great Limpopo Transboundary Conservation Area,” potential nature, envisioned as ideal habitats for wildlife, may outweigh actual nature. I refer to this notion of conditional biodiversity as “third nature,” distinguishing it from the equally anthropogenic, but tangible, second nature (“nature” as including human habitation). Conservationists and investors are inventing nat...

We analyze consumers’ choice and overflow behavior between two potential market segments with different fares, capacity allocated, and then develop the optimal capacity and pricing polices assuming such consumers’ strategic behavior can be observed. Every consumer prefers to choose a fare to obtain their utmost value surplus, and select the second if the first-best choice cannot be satisfied. O...

Invasive predators are a critical driver of global biodiversity loss • Invasive predators (particularly feral cats and foxes) are the cause of many native mammal extinctions throughout Australia •Well established predators cannot be eradicated due to the cost •One method to protect threatened species is exclusion fencing • Although fences are predator proof, breaches occasionally occur (tree fa...

Lack of hunting and predators and proximity to human communities make suburban forests prone to high deer abundance and non-native plant invasions. I investigated these likely drivers of community structure in the herb layers of six suburban forests in one region of New Jersey, USA. In 223 plots I assessed the herb layer response to 2.5 years with or without deer fencing and the early stage of ...

the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between autonomy-supportive behaviours of coaches and sport commitment of iranian elite fencing players. this study used a descriptive correlation field method. the statistical population were comprised of all fencing players of premier league in iran and the statistical sample equalled the population (n=114). in order to collect data, dem...