This article describes the development of a new sex-role inventory that treats masculinity and femininity as two independent dimensions, thereby making it possible to characterize a person as masculine, feminine, or "androgynous" as a function of the difference between his or her endorsement of masculine and feminine personality characteristics. Normative data are presented, as well as the resu...

Social dominance theory (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999) contends that institutional-level mechanisms exist that reinforce and perpetuate existing group-based inequalities, but very few such mechanisms have been empirically demonstrated. We propose that gendered wording (i.e., masculine- and feminine-themed words, such as those associated with gender stereotypes) may be a heretofore unacknowledged, in...

On average, gay men are somewhat feminine and lesbians somewhat masculine, but there is variation within each group. The authors examined the consequences of this variation for gay men's and lesbians' desirability as romantic partners. In 2 studies the authors analyzed personal advertisements. Homosexual people were more likely than heterosexual people to mention traits related to sex typicalit...

in sufism, one may find a very interesting feminine approach according to which the feminine is the source of life. though it is roughly distinguished from modern feminism in principle and aim, it would be very critical to see how this perspective overcomes the masculine dominated world. the overall aim of this paper is to give only a remark and an entry to this perspective without involving in...

ABSTRACT This study sought, through a factor analysis of 450 masculine-feminine (MF) items from nine established sources such as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MNK), to determine whether in a college sample of 523 students there were a small number of factors common to both sexes, or if the MF scale consisted of so many weak factors that the practice of giving people scores on...

The aim of this study was to examine biological sex (male versus female) and gender identity (masculine versus feminine) as predictors of support provision in marriage. Participants were 235 married individuals who completed scenario-based questionnaires designed to measure support provision across a broad range of daily stressors. Our results did not reveal differences between biological males...

Effects of Sex Typing 2 The present study replicates and extends Lash and Polyson's (1986) findings that a majority of mental images of commonly projected animals are gender associated. In the present study 91 subjects created mental images of the same animals and rated them on degree of masculinity-femininity and clarity on seven point Likert scales. The two studies were very consistent for fe...

To be sure, on the March day this chunky little girl of nine came into our school, we saw neither grace nor delicacy in her stocky figure with its large head, perceptible stomach, and torso unrelieved by any waist line. She revealed herself, however, the incarnation of the popular ideal of her sex in the subtle charm of her golden brown eyes, of her creamy skin, and of the pale luster of her fi...

A number of studies have evaluated the effectiveness of a cricothyroid approximation (CA) in creating a more female voice in male-to-female transsexuals (MFTs) from an acoustic perspective. An increase in pitch is of little value, however, unless it accurately indicates listeners' perceptions of gender. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the effectiveness of a CA in feminizing...