fumigant toxicity of camphor was studied against the aphid aphis craccivora koch and three associated natural enemies, i.e. coccinella undecimpunctata l., aphelinus albipodus hayat & fatima and aphidius colemani viereck. aphis craccivora was the most tolerant one compared with all tested natural enemies as the recorded lc50 values were 12.71, 6.33, 1.16 and 0.48 mg camphor/liter space for t...

Female space use can have important fitness consequences, which are likely due to differential access to food resources. Many studies have explored spatial competition in solitary species, but little is known about how individuals in social species compete over shared space. In this study, we investigate spatial patterns of aggression among female East African chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schwe...

in this paper, we first define spaces of single difference sequences defined by a sequence of orlicz functions without convexity and investigate their properties. then we extend this idea to spaces of double sequences and present a new matrix theoretic approach construction of such double sequence spaces.

in this paper, we deal with the subdierential concept onhadamard spaces. flat hadamard spaces are characterized, and nec-essary and sucient conditions are presented to prove that the subdif-ferential set in hadamard spaces is nonempty. proximal subdierentialin hadamard spaces is addressed and some basic properties are high-lighted. finally, a density theorem for subdierential set is establi...