In the present study, the effects of pregnant NMRI mice restraint stress on the responsibility of their children to the behavioral properties of morphine, sulpiride and dextromethorphan were investigated in the F2 generation. Twenty four pregnant NMRI female mice (W: 25 g) were divided into the experimental and control groups (n = 12/group). Animals in the experimental group were kept in the r...

OBJECTIVES Although schizophrenia affects both human genders, there are gender-dependent differences with respect to age of onset, clinical characteristics, course and prognosis of the disease. METHODS To investigate sex-dependent differences in motor coordination and activity as well as in cognitive and social behavior, we repeatedly tested female (n = 14) and male (n = 12) Fisher rats (post...

Livers from normal, fed male and female rats were perfused with different amounts of [1-14C]oleate under steady state conditions, and the rates of uptake and utilization of free fatty acid (FFA) were measured. The uptake of FFA by livers from either male or female rats was proportional to the concentration of FFA in the medium. The rate of uptake of FFA, per g of liver, by livers from female ra...

In Drosophila, the sex of germ cells is determined by cell-autonomous and inductive signals. XY germ cells autonomously enter spermatogenesis when developing in a female host. In contrast, XX germ cells non-autonomously become spermatogenic when developing in a male host. In first instar larvae with two X chromosomes, XX germ cells enter the female or the male pathway depending on the presence ...

In the present study, the effects of pregnant NMRI mice restraint stress on the responsibility of their children to the behavioral properties of morphine, sulpiride and dextromethorphan were investigated in the F2 generation. Twenty four pregnant NMRI female mice (W: 25 g) were divided into the experimental and control groups (n = 12/group). Animals in the experimental group were kept in the r...

PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of ovariectomy and the hyperprolactinemia procedure in the tibial epiphyseal growth plate of female mice. METHODS In this study, the epiphyseal growth plate of ovariectomized (OVX) and/or rendered hyperprolactinemic female mice by 50 days of treatment with 200 μg metoclopramide (M) was evaluated morphologically, morphometrically and immuno-histochemically. Fort...

Introduction: Ruta graveolens (RG) stimulates muscles of the uterus, which in turn may initiate menstrual cycles. RG decreases fertility and may also block the implantation of a fertilized egg. This work was undertaken to examine the possible effect of aqueous extract of RG on the reproductive system of immature female mice. Methods: For this reason, immature female Balb/C mouse aged 4-5 wee...