The fem-3 sex-determining gene is repressed post-transcriptionally via a regulatory element in its 3' untranslated region (UTR) to achieve the switch from spermatogenesis to oogenesis in the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite germ line. In this paper, we investigate the fem-3 3' UTR control in somatic tissues using transgenic reporter assays, and we also identify six genes essential for this ...

Organisms have evolved a bewildering diversity of mechanisms to generate the two sexes. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) employs an interesting system in which sex is determined by heterozygosity at a single locus (the Sex Determination Locus) harbouring the complementary sex determiner (csd) gene. Bees heterozygous at Sex Determination Locus are females, whereas bees homozygous or hemizygous are ...

In the present paper, stress intensity factor (SIF) analyses and fatigue-crack-growth simulations of corner cracks emanating from loaded pinholes of attachment lugs in structural assemblies are carried out for different load cases. A three-dimensional (3D) symmetric Galerkin boundary-element method (SGBEM) and FEM alternating method is developed to analyze the nonplanar growth of these surface ...

Hybrid FEM/MoM methods combine the finite element method (FEM) and the method of moments (MoM) to model inhomogeneous unbounded problems. These two methods are coupled by enforcing field continuity on the boundary that separates the FEM and MoM regions. There are three ways of formulating hybrid FEM/MoM methods: outward-looking formulations, inward-looking formulations and combined formulations...

The magnetic flux leakage (MFL) method is currently the most commonly used pipeline inspection technique. In this paper, numerical simulation and experimental investigation on defect inspection in pipeline steel using MFL were carried out. In theoretical analysis, typical three-dimensional (3D) defects were accurately modeled and detailed MFL signals in the test surface were calculated by 3D fi...

Adaptive higher-order finite element methods (hp-FEM) are well known for their potential of exceptionally fast (exponential) convergence. However, most hp-FEM codes remain in an academic setting due to an extreme algorithmic complexity of hp-adaptivity algorithms. This paper aims at simplifying hpadaptivity for H(curl)-conforming approximations by presenting a novel technique of arbitrary-level...

A comparative study on finite elements for capturing strong discontinuities by means of elemental (E-FEM) or nodal enrichments (XFEM) is presented. Based on the same constitutive model (continuum damage) and linear elements (triangles and tetrahedra) optimized implementations of both types of enrichments in the same non-linear code are tested for a representative set of 2D and 3D crack propagat...

The Finite Element Method (FEM) has become an indispensable tool in computer graphics. Typical applications range from computer games, special effects and feature films to virtual surgery training simulators. In the field of geometric modeling, the FEM can help in creating realistic and physically plausible deformations with the user only having to specify a low number of constraints. Using the...

this paper introduces a new method for accelerating current sluggish fem and improving memory demand in fem problems with high node resolution or bulky structures. like most of the numerical methods, fem results to a matrix equation which normally has huge dimension. breaking the main matrix equation into several smaller size matrices, the solving procedure can be accelerated. for implementing ...

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) solves an inverse problem to estimate the conductivity distribution within a body from electrical simulation and measurements at the body surface, where the inverse problem is based on a solution of Laplace's equation in the body. Most commonly, a finite element model (FEM) is used, largely because of its ability to describe irregular body shapes. In this p...