Available research on the relationship between organizational culture (OC) and knowledge management success (KMS) has never demonstrated two points which are really critical issues in China, one is the specialized effect of process-orientation dimension of OC on KMS, and the other is the mediating role of knowledge sharing between OC and KMS. By adopting methods of logical reasoning and literat...

Hybridization array technology is increasingly being used for the analysis of gene expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is a powerful technique in which the relative abundance of all the mRNA molecules transcribed under a particular condition may be simultaneously measured. However, most studies performed using this technique are carried out in batch culture where the growth rat...

Bottom-up neuroscience aims to engineer well-defined networks of neurons to investigate the functions of the brain. By reducing the complexity of the brain to achievable target questions, such in vitro bioassays better control experimental variables and can serve as a versatile tool for fundamental and pharmacological research. Astrocytes are a cell type critical to neuronal function, and the a...

With remarkable increase of genomic sequence data of a wide range of species, novel tools are needed for comprehensive analyses of the big sequence data. Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is an effective tool for clustering and visualizing high-dimensional data such as oligonucleotide composition on one map. By modifying the conventional SOM, we have previously developed Batch-Learning SOM (BLSOM), whi...

In batch cultures of Escherichia coli, the intracellular concentration of the general stress response sigma factor RpoS typically increases during the transition from the exponential to the stationary growth phase. However, because this transition is accompanied by complex physico-chemical and biological changes, which signals predominantly elicit this induction is still the subject of debate. ...

Around the world, raw materials are converted into fermented food products through microbial and enzymatic activity. Products are typically produced using a process known as batch culture, where small volumes of an old culture are used to initiate a fresh culture. Repeated over many years, and provided samples are not shared among producers, batch culture techniques allow for the natural evolut...

As reverse osmosis (RO) desalination capacity increases worldwide, the need to reduce its specific energy consumption becomes more urgent. In addition to the incremental changes attainable with improved components such as membranes and pumps, more significant reduction of energy consumption can be achieved through time-varying RO processes including semi-batch processes such as closed-circuit r...

The production of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA) was investigated using a fed-batch culture of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3. DHNA is a precursor of menaquinone (MK) and is transformed to MK by combination with an isoprenoid unit. We found that ET-3 stopped MK production and increased DHNA production in an anaerobic fed-batch culture by maintaining the lactose concentration at ap...

We carried out the first simulation on multi-stage continuous high cell density culture (MSC-HCDC) to show that the MSC-HCDC can achieve batch/fed-batch product titer with much higher productivity to the fed-batch productivity using published fermentation kinetics of lactic acid, penicillin and ethanol. The system under consideration consists of n-serially connected continuous stirred-tank reac...