Executive Summary Spectrum, the single most important resource for telecommunication voice and mobile broadband service, is finite and limited. As subscribers demand faster and increased capacity anytime, anywhere, operators face the challenge of maximizing all available spectrum assets – FDD or TDD. In previous 3GPP standards, mobile operators have deployed Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) tech...

Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) has been widely accepted as the radio access scheme for third generation (3G) wireless system known as International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000). One of the main objectives of IMT-2000 is to support high and widely variable data rate users with high quality and achieve enhanced system coverage and capacity. Most time-reference beamfo...

Nineteen GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)R) subunits are known in mammals with only a restricted number of functionally identified native combinations. The physiological role of beta1-subunit-containing GABA(A)Rs is unknown. Here we report the discovery of a new structural class of GABA(A)R positive modulators with unique beta1-subunit selectivity: fragrant dioxane derivatives (FDD). At heterologously...

This paper describes a model-based control system that can online determine the optimal control actions and also detect faults quickly in the controlled process and reconfigure the controller accordingly. Thus, such system can perform its function correctly even in the presence of internal faults. A fault detection modelbased (FDMB) controller consists of two main parts, the first is fault dete...

Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) are very important for engineering systems in industrial applications. One of the most popular approaches is model-based fault detection. Recently, many techniques have been proposed in the FDD area. However, there are still very few reported applications or real-time implementations of the schemes. This paper presents online sensor FDD based on the model-bas...

This paper deals with the problem of admission control in the downlink of UTRA-FDD. Significant differences with respect to the uplink admission control arise. While in the uplink admission control strategies based on the load factor are suitable, in the downlink an admission strategy based on measured power levels appears more suitable. This paper proposes and analyses an algorithm that is bas...

PURPOSE I investigated the diagnostic accuracy of balloon expulsion test (BET) with various techniques to find out the most appropriate method, and tried to confirm its clinical utility in diagnosing functional defecation disorders (FDD) in constipated patients. METHODS Eighty-seven patients constituted the study population. FDD was defined when patients had at least two positive findings in ...

The Multiswitch project at Purdue University is investigating broadcast techniques for use in point-to-point networks. This paper analyzes four techniques for delivery of a broadcast message to all processors in a network. The current Multi-switch prototype network uses one of these techniques, called Flooding with Duplicate Discard (FDD). FDD is attractive because it provides high reliability ...

The primary goal of the research described in this paper was to apply a decoupling-based fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) technique and economic assessment method to light commercial cooling and heating equipment in California. The paper describes the decouplingbased FDD methodology and the economic assessment method. The methods have been applied to a number of field sites. Detailed results...

Functional anaphoric expressions are referring expressions whose references are identified with respect to references of other objects in a discourse. Among a few types of functional anaphoric expressions such as Wh expressions, definite descriptions provide a locution for functional expressions. A typical example is as follows: (1) Every book about Picasso made the author rich. In (1), 'the au...