It has been argued for sixty years that there exists a relation between surface tension and surface energy on an unstrained solid as given by the Shuttleworth equation. It is shown here that the Shuttleworth equation reduces to the definition of surface tension derived from mechanics. Therefore, it provides no additional relation to the physics of surfaces. This derivation also reveals precisel...

Background: Over recent decades, modern protocols of external beam radioÂ‌therapy and radiation techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) have been developed. These methods are extremely sensitive to errors in treatment delivery, so that it is essential to apply a high resolution 3D dosimetry system that has high sensitivity and is capable of measuring and verifying the complex...

background: over recent decades, modern protocols of external beam radio¬therapy and radiation techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (imrt) have been developed. these methods are extremely sensitive to errors in treatment delivery, so that it is essential to apply a high resolution 3d dosimetry system that has high sensitivity and is capable of measuring and verifying the complex ...

The efficient encoding and transmission of information for facsimile communication relies on redundancy in the scanned pixels. Halftone images, especiaily those rendered by high-quality dispersed dot techniques, are "busy" with alternative black and white pixels and shorter run lengths as compared to text information. Because of this, it is desirable to increase the redundancy and decrease the ...

The Internet’s use as a faxing medium allows users across continents to communicate without incurring the high costs of long-distance phone rates. Geographically dispersed servers connected to local Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN) circumvent the use of international lines by using the Internet in stead. This paper proposes an integrated Internet faxing environment, known as FaxPortal,...