Macrophage plays a crucial role for atherosclerotic plaque and its measurement is important. Fatty streak consists of macrophage foam cells, but its assessment by optical coherence tomography (OCT) has not been established in vivo. These images were derived from an aorta of Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemia rabbit ex vivo. OCT cross-sectional image shows a linear highbrightness region (arrows)...

Morphologic studies resulting from events that occur during the development of the lesions of atherosclerosis were studied in chronic, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in a series of nonhuman primates. Within 12 days of hypercholesterolemia in Macaca nemestrina, monocytes became adherent to the surface of the endothelium. These monocytes appeared to migrate subendothelially, accumulate lipid, ...

A major feature of the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the major arteries of man and most animals is a very large increase in the amounts of cholesteryl esters in the smooth-muscle cells of the tunica intima. The cholesterol moiety of cholesteryl esters is derived almost exclusively from lipoproteins of the blood, whereas the fatty acid portion may originate both from the blood and by...

Previous studies have shown that distal mouse chromosome 1 contains the apolipoprotein All (apoAII) gene, encoding the second most abundant apolipoprotein in high density lipoproteins (HDLs), as well as a gene termed Ath-1 that controls aortic fatty streak development and HDL cholesterol levels in response to a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. We report genetic studies confirming that the genes...

Atherosclerotic coronary heart disease is a common complication of the insulin resistance syndrome that can occur with or without diabetes mellitus. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which are insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic agents, can modulate the development of atherosclerosis not only by changing the systemic metabolic conditions associated with insulin resistance but also by exerting direct effe...

Previous studies have shown that distal mouse chromosome 1 contains the apolipoprotein AII (apoAII) gene, encoding the second most abundant apolipoprotein in high density lipoproteins (HDLs), as well as a gene termed Ath-1 that controls aortic fatty streak development and HDL cholesterol levels in response to a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. We report genetic studies confirming that the genes...

β-Glucans, mostly from oats, have been shown to reduce blood concentrations of total and LDL-cholesterol in animals and humans. After processing, spent brewer’s yeast, a by-product of the fermentation process, contains 85% 90% βglucans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of yeast-derived β-glucan fiber on plasma lipids and early atherosclerosis development in hamsters consumin...

OBJECTIVE Current understanding of shear-sensitive signaling pathways has primarily been studied in vitro largely because of a lack of adequate in vivo models. Our objective was to develop a simple and well-characterized murine aortic coarctation model to acutely alter the hemodynamic environment in vivo and test the hypothesis that endothelial inflammatory protein expression is acutely upregul...

Age is considered to be a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, but it is unclear whether age has a direct effect on susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Wild-type mice develop fatty streak lesions in the aortic root only when fed a cholate-containing high fat/cholesterol diet. To investigate the influence of age on fatty streak formation, young (10 weeks) and old (53 weeks) female C57BL/6 mice ...