The goal of this study was to determine if cellular fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling could be used to distinguish among spore samples from a single species (Bacillus cereus T strain) that were prepared on 10 different medium formulations. To analyze profile differences and identify FAME biomarkers diagnostic for the chemical constituents in each sporulation medium, a variety of statisti...

Production of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) having high free fatty acids (FFA) was investigated in this work. Batch esterifications of PFAD were carried out to study the influence of: including reaction temperatures of 70–100 1C, molar ratios of methanol to PFAD of 0.4:1–12:1, quantity of catalysts of 0–5.502% (wt of sulfuric acid/wt of PFAD) and reaction...

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have been employed for valorizing organic waste materials as the are able to consume and transform it into valuable larval biomass. In this study, BSFL were found potentially reduce blended sewage sludge. The addition of palm kernel expeller (PKE) fortified protein lipid content in sludge substrates, leading growth enhancement. addition, weight also influenced yi...

Abstract. Biodiesel is a form of fuel that has natural origin as it derived from organic components such vegetable oil and animal fats. However, biodiesel to be purified based on the required purity standards before can used diesel fuel. This study focuses lab-based purification method which solvent-aided crystallization (SAC) using typical solvent for oilseed extraction n-hexane. Response surf...

The chemical composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from seeds of S. thymbra and S. cuneifolia were analyzed by GC/MS. 7 FAMEs were identified from the seeds of S. thymbra mainly as 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (43.9%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (11.4%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (30.2%), and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (14.1%), while from the seed ...

To encourage the utilization of low-quality palm oil with high free fatty acid and moisture content (>0.1 wt%), a novel catalyst two spatial shells different active sites, double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica incorporated copper (II) (Cu/DS-HMS-NH2), is fabricated via two-stage hydrolysis condensation technique. The influence four parameters (eg, loading, temperature, reaction time, mass rat...

Biodiesel or known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), is a diesel fuel substitute derived from the transesterification reaction of triglycerides with alcohol in presence suitable catalyst. The demand for biodiesel increasing due to environmental and health awareness, well diminishing energy security. However, impurities will affect engine performance by corroding tubes damaging injectors. Commo...

Keratinase producing bacterial strains were isolated from the chicken feather dumping site. Keratinase producing bacterial strains were identified by physical, biochemical characteristics, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and 16S rDNA sequences. Medium optimization of the selected keratinase producing bacterial strain (Bacillus thuringiensis TS2) was checked with various parameters such as incuba...