Vertebral fractures associated with osteoporosis are often the result of tissue damage accumulated over time. Microscopic tissue damage (microdamage) generated in vivo is believed to be a mechanically relevant aspect of bone quality that may contribute to fracture risk. Although the presence of microdamage in bone tissue has been documented, the relationship between loading, microdamage accumul...

A cohesive fatigue-crack nucleation and growth model for ferroelectric materials under electro-mechanical loading is presented. The central feature of the model is a hysteretic cohesive law which couples the mechanical and electrical fields. This law can be used in conjunction with general constitutive relations of bulk behavior, possibly including domain switching, in order to predict fatigue ...

Stainless steel has been employed in many engineering applications ranging from pharmaceutical equipment to piping in the nuclear reactors and storage to chemical products. In this attempt, simulation of fatigue crack growth based on experimental results of austenitic stainless steel 304L was presented using AFGROW code when NASGRO mode laws adopted. Double through crack at hole specimen is use...

INTRODUCTION Cyclic loading of trabecular bone can lead to fatigue damage and increased risk of fracture in both young and the elderly populations. Fatigue damage processes in trabecular bone include reduction of elastic modulus and accumulation of residual strain. Development of models relating the above effects to the loading variables (stress, strain) is essential for a predictive understand...

Stainless steel has been employed in many engineering applications ranging from pharmaceutical equipment to piping in the nuclear reactors and storage to chemical products. In this attempt, simulation of fatigue crack growth based on experimental results of austenitic stainless steel 304L was presented using AFGROW code when NASGRO mode laws adopted. Double through crack at hole specimen is use...

SUMMARY The scatter in the fatigue lives of identical simple laboratory specimens, which have been tested under variable amplitude sinusoidal loading, is estimated, using a log-normal distribution of fatigue lives as a basis, from the fatigue test results of a number of experimenters. These estimates of the scatter are analyeed with 8 view to studying the effect of various teat loading paramete...

In the past, components under fatigue loading were designed by using an S-N curve and endurance limit according to very high cycle fatigue tests [1-3], fatigue strength to failure at a given life decreases as loading cycles increase. In other words, endurance limit is not observed for most materials, which is true for axle materials for rolling stock. An axle is one of the key components for st...

Introduction Achilles tendon ruptures occur frequently and result in significant pain and disability with extensive recovery time. Since the Achilles tendon experiences repetitive loads at or near failure during normal activity, knowledge of tendon fatigue properties is critical for determining when patients may resume normal activity. Several studies have suggested the benefits of fatigue test...

Although fatigue damage in bone induced by cyclic loading has been recognized as a problem of clinical significance, few fracture mechanics based studies have investigated how incipient cracks grow by fatigue in this material. In the present study, in vitro cyclic fatigue experiments were performed in order to quantify fatigue-crack growth behavior in human cortical bone. Crack-growth rates spa...

Combined in-phase tension/torsion loading was applied to 8-ply 45° 4 E-glass/epoxy composite shafts under monotonic and fatigue conditions to determine the effects of multi-axial loading on its failure. A damage criterion for multi-axial monotonic loading was proposed considering the contribution of both normal and shear stresses on the plane of failure. The experimental data showed an excellen...