The immediate effects of mainstreamed and specialized settings on the peer interactions of preschool children with and without developmental delays were examined. Mainstreamed and specialized playgroups were established involving unacquainted peers and using a methodology that ensured appropriate matching of child and family characteristics. For each 2-week playgroup, the social and play intera...

J Postgrad Med 2004;50:82-83 hristian Albert Theodor Billroth was the first of five sons born to Carl Theodor Billroth, a priest in the Lutheran church and his wife Johanna Christina. He was born on April 26, 1829, at Bergen, on the island of Rügen, Prussia. The family lived in Klosterstrasse, later renamed Billrothstrasse. Three years after Billroth's birth, the family moved from the fishing v...

Pediatricians are in the unique position of being on the front line of care for children and having access to their families. This article presents both a rationale and the evidence base for identifying the family characteristics and processes that affect child health and suggests approaches that pediatricians can implement to improve the care of children, using data from 3 recent reports of th...

An inverse association between education and fertility in women has been found in many societies but the causes of this association remain inadequately understood. We investigated whether observed and unobserved family-background characteristics explained educational differences in lifetime fertility among 35,212 Finnish women born in 1940-50. Poisson and logistic regression models, adjusted fo...

We used data from the study of Marital Instability Over the Life Course to examine links between divorce in the grandparent generation and outcomes in the grandchild generation (N = 691). Divorce in the first generation (G1) was associated with lower education, more marital discord, weaker ties with mothers, and weaker ties with fathers in the third generation (G3). These associations were medi...

This study aimed to examine how family income and social distance influence young rural Chinese children's altruistic behavior in the dictator game (DG). A total of 469 four-year-old children from eight rural areas in China, including many children left behind by parents who had migrated to urban areas for work, played the DG. Stickers comprised the resource, while recipients in the game were a...

Economic models of life cycle behavior suggest that expectations about future events may affect savings, insurance, and retirement planning. This article uses data from the first wave of the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) to examine how personal characteristics and health conditions influence expectations of nursing home use. Subjective expectations of nursing home use are quite close to kn...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether twins have lower IQ scores in childhood than singletons in the same family and, if so, whether differences in fetal growth explain this deficit. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Scotland. PARTICIPANTS 9832 singletons and 236 twins born in Aberdeen between 1950 and 1956. RESULTS At age 7, the mean IQ score of twins was 5.3 points lower (95% confidence interval...